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THE GRAPH.
Find a modern word—or search sideways through reconstructed roots, historical forms, meanings, languages, scholars, sources, claims, disputes, and witnesses.
WIKTIONARY VIA KAIKKI / WIKTEXTRACT
Imported dictionary evidence
These are source reports, not reviewed *SET-U ancestry. A list of templates or numbered etymologies is not an ancestor chain. Scholarly disagreements remain in the original source text.
35,981 English word records · 45,491 etymology sections in this online subset
PARTIAL ENGLISH COVERAGE · FULL CORPUS REMAINS LOCALNo exact match for “mūs” in this partial English subset. That does not mean the full research corpus—or linguistic scholarship—has no record. Check the original dictionary entry ↗
INDEPENDENT SOURCE LIBRARY
More sources for this spelling
These are spelling matches, not a claim of identical senses or agreement. Historical accounts retain their own editions and limits; none is automatically promoted into reviewed ancestry.
Lewis’s Elementary Latin Dictionary
1890 American Book Company edition; pinned Perseus XML digitization016
MODERN ENTRY POINTS
WORD DOSSIERS
nounexact headword
μυς
The Modern Greek anatomical word for muscle, continued from Ancient Greek μῦς, which could name both a mouse and a body muscle.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗nounexact historical form
mouse
The inherited English name of the small rodent, continued from Old English mūs and the reconstructed Indo-European *mūs- family.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗nounexact historical form
muscle
A body tissue or organ whose English name descends through French from Latin musculus, a diminutive of mūs “mouse.”
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗nounexact historical form
mussel
A bivalve mollusk whose English history runs through Middle English muscle and Old English muscelle into the same Latin mouse family as muscle.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗nounhistorical form
algorism
The older English word for calculation with Hindu-Arabic numerals, transmitted through French and Medieval Latin from the name al-Khwārizmī.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗nounhistorical form
algorithm
A finite or stepwise procedure, descended through medieval arithmetic vocabulary from the Latinized name of al-Khwārizmī.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗0211
ATTESTED / RECONSTRUCTED / BOUNDARY
HISTORICAL FORMS
●
Latin / Indo-European
mūs
mouse
- DATE
- Latin antiquity
- MATCH
- exact historical form
- DOSSIERS
- 2
Old English / Indo-European
mūs
mouse
- DATE
- Old English
- MATCH
- exact historical form
- DOSSIERS
- 1
Modern Greek / Indo-European
μυς
mysa body muscle; in learned use, also a mouse
- DATE
- Modern Greek
- MATCH
- exact historical form
- DOSSIERS
- 1
Ancient Greek / Indo-European
μῦς
mŷsmouse; also a muscle of the body
- DATE
- Ancient Greek literary record
- MATCH
- exact historical form
- DOSSIERS
- 1
Medieval Latin / Indo-European
mūscula
a mussel
- DATE
- Medieval or Vulgar Latin
- MATCH
- historical-form prefix
- DOSSIERS
- 1
Proto-Germanic / Indo-European
*mūs
mouse
- DATE
- Proto-Germanic prehistory
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 1
Proto-Indo-European / Indo-European
*mūs-
mouse; also the family behind specialized muscle words
- DATE
- Proto-Indo-European prehistory
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 4
Classical Arabic / Afro-Asiatic
al-Khwārizmī
the Khwārizmian; name of Muḥammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī
- DATE
- 9th century
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 2
Beyond secure reconstruction
UNKNOWN
No securely reviewed ancestor beyond *mūs- is asserted.
- DATE
- before the reviewed Indo-European reconstruction
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 1
Beyond secure reconstruction
UNKNOWN
No securely reviewed ancestor beyond *mūs- is asserted.
- DATE
- before the reviewed Indo-European reconstruction
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 1
Beyond secure reconstruction
UNKNOWN
No securely reviewed ancestor beyond *mūs- is asserted.
- DATE
- before the reviewed Indo-European reconstruction
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 1
039
WHERE INTERPRETATION IS TESTED
CLAIMS & DISPUTES
SCHOLARLY DISPUTES / 5
resolvedestablishedexact word
Are Greek mouse and muscle merely accidental homonyms?
The reviewed Liddell–Scott entry treats μῦς as one lexical entry with both rodent and body-muscle senses, and Modern Greek explicitly derives both learned senses from Ancient Greek.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Was English mouse borrowed from Latin mūs?
No. Old English mūs continues a Germanic branch; Latin mūs is a cognate parallel branch.
resolvedprobableposition text
How secure is Proto-Indo-European *mūs-?
The cross-branch mouse word is reconstructed as PIE *mūs-, while any deeper ancestor remains outside the reviewed evidence.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Is musculus really a “little mouse”?
Latin musculus is morphologically the diminutive of mūs “mouse.”
resolvedestablishedposition text
Do mussel and muscle share the Latin mouse family?
The English words have distinct immediate histories but converge in the Latin musculus / mūscula family derived from mūs.
CONTRARIAN TRUTHS / 4
RANK 88GRADE Aranked reveal
Mussel and muscle were once spelling twins.
Middle English could spell the shellfish muscle. The shellfish and anatomical words ultimately belong to Latin’s mouse-derived musculus family, though the naming resemblance itself is not fully recoverable.
RANK 149GRADE Aranked reveal
English mouse is not a Latin loan.
English mouse follows its inherited Germanic line while Latin mūs is a cognate branch. Their resemblance reflects common ancestry, not a direct Latin-to-English borrowing.
RANK 168GRADE Aranked reveal
In Greek, a muscle is still a mouse.
Ancient Greek μῦς named both the rodent and a body muscle. Modern Greek μυς preserves the anatomical branch and records the mouse sense as learned vocabulary.
RANK 172GRADE Aranked reveal
A muscle was a “little mouse.”
Latin musculus is a diminutive of mūs “mouse.” The derivation is secure; the exact resemblance mechanism remains qualified.
042
BOOKS / DICTIONARIES / ARTICLES / DATABASES
SOURCES
050
FIRST USES & HISTORICAL OBJECTS
ATTESTATION WITNESSES
No reviewed record in this collection contains “mūs.” Absence describes this graph, not all of linguistic scholarship.
06
SEARCH IS DISCOVERY, NOT PROOF
EVERY RESULT OPENS A PERMANENT EVIDENCE RECORD.
Matching text only locates a record. It does not raise confidence, settle a dispute, establish cognacy, or turn a source report into direct inspection. Follow the result into its citations and editorial limits.