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WIKTIONARY VIA KAIKKI / WIKTEXTRACT
Imported dictionary evidence
These are source reports, not reviewed *SET-U ancestry. A list of templates or numbered etymologies is not an ancestor chain. Scholarly disagreements remain in the original source text.
35,981 English word records · 45,491 etymology sections in this online subset
PARTIAL ENGLISH COVERAGE · FULL CORPUS REMAINS LOCAL2 source sections across 1 headword matching “ames”. These are separate from the reviewed results below.
AmesEnglish (en) · Etymology 1Source text
This section has no extracted narrative. Its source may contain templates or descendants; no ancestry has been inferred from them here.
Original Wiktionary entry and references ↗AmesEnglish (en) · Etymology 2Source text
From the clipping of Amy + -s (hypocoristic suffix).
Original Wiktionary entry and references ↗INDEPENDENT SOURCE LIBRARY
More sources for this spelling
These are spelling matches, not a claim of identical senses or agreement. Historical accounts retain their own editions and limits; none is automatically promoted into reviewed ancestry.
Lewis’s Elementary Latin Dictionary
1890 American Book Company edition; pinned Perseus XML digitization014
MODERN ENTRY POINTS
WORD DOSSIERS
noun combining formdossier summary
-logy
A bound English word element used in formations involving discourse or expression and in names of doctrines, theories, sciences, and fields of study.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗onomastic compound elementcontrarian claim
-rīx
An attested Gaulish second member meaning “king” or “prince,” visible in compound personal names such as Dumnorix and Vercingetorix and inherited from Proto-Celtic *rīx-s.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗nouncontrarian claim
alpaca
An English animal and fiber word borrowed through Spanish from Aymara allpaqa / allphaqa.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗adjectivecontrarian claim
étymologique
A French adjective meaning either related to etymology or conforming to a word’s origin, borrowed from Latin etymologicus.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗021
ATTESTED / RECONSTRUCTED / BOUNDARY
HISTORICAL FORMS
0318
WHERE INTERPRETATION IS TESTED
CLAIMS & DISPUTES
SCHOLARLY DISPUTES / 12
openprobableposition text
Did -rīx mean exactly “king” in every compound name?
Not necessarily. The king or prince value is secure for the element, but scholarship distinguishes names where it is determinative from analyses in which it is semantically bleached or intensifying. Each host therefore requires its own compositional claim.
openprobableposition text
Did English algorism arrive through French or directly from Medieval Latin?
The sources preserve both channels. Merriam-Webster names Middle French and Medieval Latin; Etymonline emphasizes Old French from Medieval Latin.
openprobableposition text
Did French borrow étymon through Latin or directly from Greek?
CNRTL names Latin etymon as the immediate donor; the Académie calls the French word a learned borrowing from Greek. The graph preserves the Latin route as probable, not certain.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Was Gaulish -rīx an attested freestanding word?
No freestanding token is established by the reviewed evidence. Cambridge calls it an onomastic element and Bolelli and Campanile call it the second member of compound personal names. The form is attested through those hosts, while Proto-Celtic *rīx-s is reconstructed.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Is the historically meaningful Gaulish ending simply -ix?
No. The linguistic sources segment -rīx or orthographic -rix as the onomastic element and align it with Proto-Celtic *rīx-s. Treating -ix alone as the inherited unit cuts through the initial r of the morpheme.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Did dairy originally name milk as a substance?
No. The earliest reviewed route names a milk-production place built on the woman responsible for the work.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Is hatred the older or more original word?
No. Hate is inherited from Old English noun and verb material; hatred is a Middle English formation first reported in the 13th century. Its suffix names a condition rather than linguistic originality.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Does the current Corpus Oudfries search return six hits?
Yes for the reviewed May 2026 word-or-lemma query. The number is a current corpus result, not a census of all lost, surviving, or spoken Old Frisian.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Does the current Project Wulfila corpus contain exactly one verified occurrence?
Yes. The lemma page lists only John 7:23 hatizoþ. This is a bounded statement about the current surviving corpus, not all historical Gothic.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Does the hėttiand overlap prove that every enemy is literally a hater?
No. Historical lexicalization explains a word formation, not the psychology of every person denoted by the noun.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Did hospice always mean palliative care?
No. The 1818 English record names lodging, especially a religious guesthouse; palliative care is a later specialization.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Is the immediate Latin source a participle or a verb stem?
Merriam-Webster names Late Latin humiliatus, the past participle of humiliare; American Heritage summarizes Late Latin humiliāre, humiliāt-. These are compatible levels of the same formation, not evidence for two unrelated ancestries.
CONTRARIAN TRUTHS / 6
RANK 8GRADE Aranked reveal
Etymology calls itself the “true account.”
Greek ἔτυμος “true, real” joined -λογία “account or study”; even that truth-word reaches a reconstructed root.
RANK 18GRADE Aranked reveal
The famous Gaulish ending is -rīx, not decorative -ix.
Cambridge identifies Gaulish -rix /-rīxs/ “king” inside Dumnorix and Vercingetorix and derives it from Proto-Celtic *rīx-s. The r belongs to the historical element; the exact force of that element still varies across individual names.
RANK 40GRADE Aranked reveal
Modern Danish kept the enemy but lost the hate verb inside its grammar.
DDO identifies fjende as historically a present participle of a verb corresponding to Old Norse fjá, to hate or persecute. Old Danish fiende then survives through a remarkable surface cloud: Fiende, Fiænde, Finde, Fînde, clipped Fiend, and both two- and three-syllable scans. The current noun no longer means that every enemy literally feels hate; it names active opposition and extends to states, ideologies, animals, weather, and abstractions. The grammatical fossil unveils a history, not a timeless essence.
RANK 82GRADE Acontrarian claim
The word existed before the science it now names.
French records reach c. 1175, but CNRTL dates the generalized inquiry into word origins to 1756 and an explicit science definition to 1836.
RANK 85GRADE Aranked reveal
“Etymological” did not first mean scientific.
The earliest source-reported French use around 1550 describes names that reveal their “true sense.” The modern adjective’s relation-to-a-discipline sense arrived over a much older truth-seeking metaphor.
RANK 133GRADE Aranked reveal
Fiction is historically something shaped.
Latin fictiō names shaping or molding, feigning, and pretense before English literary narrative becomes one major center.
043
BOOKS / DICTIONARIES / ARTICLES / DATABASES
SOURCES
academic thesis8 CLAIM LINKS
Mycenae, Troy and Anatolia: Mycenaean Names in Hittite Documents, and Anatolian Names in the Homeric Iliad
Martin Gális / 2017
source titleAUDIT EVERY USE ↗digitized scholarly edition5 CLAIM LINKS
Beowulf: an Anglo-Saxon poem — glossary entry hatian
James A. Harrison · Robert Sharp / 1893
author or editorAUDIT EVERY USE ↗digitized scholarly edition3 CLAIM LINKS
An Anglo-Saxon Reader — The Phœnix
James W. Bright, editor / 1913
author or editorAUDIT EVERY USE ↗052
FIRST USES & HISTORICAL OBJECTS
ATTESTATION WITNESSES
DIRECTLY INSPECTEDprinted book
A bibliographic note in John Harris’s Lexicon technicum names December while pointing readers to the December 1682 Acta Eruditorum.
December / December / 1704
Lexicon technicum: or, an universal English dictionary of arts and sciencesreporting source / OPEN RECORD ↗SOURCE REPORTEDlexical corpus
Hettend form reported by Bosworth–Toller
hettan / hettan / Old English Genesis record
HETTAN; HETTEND — An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary, Dictionary Hwitness excerpt / OPEN RECORD ↗06
SEARCH IS DISCOVERY, NOT PROOF
EVERY RESULT OPENS A PERMANENT EVIDENCE RECORD.
Matching text only locates a record. It does not raise confidence, settle a dispute, establish cognacy, or turn a source report into direct inspection. Follow the result into its citations and editorial limits.