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WIKTIONARY VIA KAIKKI / WIKTEXTRACT
Imported dictionary evidence
These are source reports, not reviewed *SET-U ancestry. A list of templates or numbered etymologies is not an ancestor chain. Scholarly disagreements remain in the original source text.
35,981 English word records · 45,491 etymology sections in this online subset
PARTIAL ENGLISH COVERAGE · FULL CORPUS REMAINS LOCAL2 source sections across 1 headword matching “Vale”. These are separate from the reviewed results below.
valeEnglish (en) · Etymology 1Source text
From Middle English vale, from Old French val (“valley”), from Latin vallis, valles. Displaced native Old English dell.
Original Wiktionary entry and references ↗valeEnglish (en) · Etymology 2Source text
Borrowed from Latin valē, singular imperative of valeō (“be well”).
Original Wiktionary entry and references ↗INDEPENDENT SOURCE LIBRARY
More sources for this spelling
These are spelling matches, not a claim of identical senses or agreement. Historical accounts retain their own editions and limits; none is automatically promoted into reviewed ancestry.
Mayhew–Skeat (1888)
1888; pinned HTML transcription updated October 28, 2024010
MODERN ENTRY POINTS
WORD DOSSIERS
No reviewed record in this collection contains “vale.” Absence describes this graph, not all of linguistic scholarship.
020
ATTESTED / RECONSTRUCTED / BOUNDARY
HISTORICAL FORMS
No reviewed record in this collection contains “vale.” Absence describes this graph, not all of linguistic scholarship.
039
WHERE INTERPRETATION IS TESTED
CLAIMS & DISPUTES
SCHOLARLY DISPUTES / 9
resolvedestablishedposition text
Do the displayed citations measure how often speakers used love versus hate?
No. They are a selected historical-dictionary evidence surface, not a balanced corpus or a sample of medieval speech.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Does fijan map one-to-one to Greek miseō, hate?
No. Verbal contexts commonly translate Greek miseō, but the shared fijand- formation also corresponds to Greek echthros, enemy. Luke 1:71 and Luke 6:27 even reverse the constructional work done by fijan and hatan.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Does hatan map one-to-one to Greek miseō, hate?
No. Luke 1:71 aligns hatandane with Greek misountōn, those hating, but Luke 6:27 aligns hatandans with echthrous, enemies. A dictionary gloss cannot replace verse-level lexical alignment.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Were English love and hate once the same word?
No reviewed evidence connects English love directly to English hate. Middle Irish cais has an ambivalent love-and-hatred field inside a disputed comparison, but that is not a genealogical edge between the English words.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Does Gothic hatis simply mean the modern emotion hate?
No. Hatred remains a legitimate dictionary gloss, but the surviving biblical tokens do different translation work: Streitberg maps the noun chiefly to Greek orgē, maps Galatians 5:20 to thumos, and flags Ephesians 4:31 because both Greek wrath nouns are adjacent.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Is Greek χολᾶτε an ancestor of Gothic hatizōn?
No. It is the Greek source-text form translated by the Gothic verb in John 7:23. Translation equivalence is contextual evidence, not lexical descent or borrowing.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Does haton aligned with Latin odisse define the entire verb?
No. It is one bilingual gloss locus. The Heliand supplies distinct syntactic contexts, and a translation equivalent does not recover every sense, construction, or historical stage.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Is English king descended from Latin rēx?
No. King is inherited through Old English cyning from a Germanic kin formation. Latin rēx belongs to the separate straight, direct, and rule family. Translation equivalence does not create ancestry.
resolvedestablishedposition text
One word for one feeling?
Proto-Indo-European did not preserve a single lexeme matching the entire modern English category LOVE.
CONTRARIAN TRUTHS / 0
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BOOKS / DICTIONARIES / ARTICLES / DATABASES
SOURCES
No reviewed record in this collection contains “vale.” Absence describes this graph, not all of linguistic scholarship.
050
FIRST USES & HISTORICAL OBJECTS
ATTESTATION WITNESSES
No reviewed record in this collection contains “vale.” Absence describes this graph, not all of linguistic scholarship.
06
SEARCH IS DISCOVERY, NOT PROOF
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