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WIKTIONARY VIA KAIKKI / WIKTEXTRACT
Imported dictionary evidence
These are source reports, not reviewed *SET-U ancestry. A list of templates or numbered etymologies is not an ancestor chain. Scholarly disagreements remain in the original source text.
35,981 English word records · 45,491 etymology sections in this online subset
PARTIAL ENGLISH COVERAGE · FULL CORPUS REMAINS LOCAL5 source sections across 1 headword matching “Pot”. These are separate from the reviewed results below.
potEnglish (en) · Etymology 1Source text
Etymology tree Proto-Germanic *puttaz Old English pott Proto-Germanic *puttaz Frankish *pottder. Vulgar Latin pottum Old French potbor. Middle English pot English pot From Middle English pot, potte, from Old English pott (“pot”) and Old French pot (“pot”) (probably from Frankish *pott); both Old English and Frankish from Proto-Germanic *puttaz (“pot, jar; tub”), of unknown origin. Cognate with Saterland Frisian Pot (“pot”), Dutch pot (“pot”), German Low German Pott (“pot”), German Pott (“pot”), Swedish potta (“chamber pot”), Icelandic pottur (“tub, pot”) (from Old Norse pottr (“pot, tub, basin”)), and perhaps Armenian պույտ (puyt, “pot”) (from Old Armenian պոյտն (poytn, “pot, earthen pot”)) and Albanian bocë (“bottle, decanter”), related either via late Proto-Indo-European or as a Wanderwort. Middle English pot gave rise to Irish pota, Scottish Gaelic poit, and Welsh pot through borrowing. Further cognates in Romance languages are via Late Latin pottus /pōtus, pottum, which either was borrowed from the Germanic word or, less likely, is its source; see more on the Proto-Germanic entry. The sense of “ruin” or “deterioration” was originally a general allusion to “being chopped up and tossed in a (normally fiery) pot, like a piece of meat” (i.e. “to get wasted or done with (by someone)”). The “clean” slang term which was used in reference to toilet rooms and lavatories apparently derives from English chamberpots, although now usually encountered as potty in the context of children's toilet training.
Original Wiktionary entry and references ↗potEnglish (en) · Etymology 1Source text
Etymology tree Proto-Germanic *puttaz Old English pott Proto-Germanic *puttaz Frankish *pottder. Vulgar Latin pottum Old French potbor. Middle English pot English pot From Middle English pot, potte, from Old English pott (“pot”) and Old French pot (“pot”) (probably from Frankish *pott); both Old English and Frankish from Proto-Germanic *puttaz (“pot, jar; tub”), of unknown origin. Cognate with Saterland Frisian Pot (“pot”), Dutch pot (“pot”), German Low German Pott (“pot”), German Pott (“pot”), Swedish potta (“chamber pot”), Icelandic pottur (“tub, pot”) (from Old Norse pottr (“pot, tub, basin”)), and perhaps Armenian պույտ (puyt, “pot”) (from Old Armenian պոյտն (poytn, “pot, earthen pot”)) and Albanian bocë (“bottle, decanter”), related either via late Proto-Indo-European or as a Wanderwort. Middle English pot gave rise to Irish pota, Scottish Gaelic poit, and Welsh pot through borrowing. Further cognates in Romance languages are via Late Latin pottus /pōtus, pottum, which either was borrowed from the Germanic word or, less likely, is its source; see more on the Proto-Germanic entry. The sense of “ruin” or “deterioration” was originally a general allusion to “being chopped up and tossed in a (normally fiery) pot, like a piece of meat” (i.e. “to get wasted or done with (by someone)”). The “clean” slang term which was used in reference to toilet rooms and lavatories apparently derives from English chamberpots, although now usually encountered as potty in the context of children's toilet training.
Original Wiktionary entry and references ↗potEnglish (en) · Etymology 2Source text
Possibly a shortened form of Mexican Spanish potiguaya or potaguaya (“cannabis leaves”), from pota + de + guaya (see guayar (“to lament”)), or from potación de guaya (literally “drink of grief”), supposedly denoting a drink of wine or brandy in which marijuana buds were steeped.
Original Wiktionary entry and references ↗potEnglish (en) · Etymology 3Source text
Clipping of potentiometer.
Original Wiktionary entry and references ↗potEnglish (en) · Etymology 4Source text
Etymology tree Latin pōtiōder. Old French pocionbor. Middle English pocioun English potionclip. English pot Clipping of potion.
Original Wiktionary entry and references ↗INDEPENDENT SOURCE LIBRARY
More sources for this spelling
These are spelling matches, not a claim of identical senses or agreement. Historical accounts retain their own editions and limits; none is automatically promoted into reviewed ancestry.
Mayhew–Skeat (1888)
1888; pinned HTML transcription updated October 28, 2024MODERN ENTRY POINTS
WORD DOSSIERS
Feind
The modern German noun for a personal, political, military, or ideological enemy or opponent. Duden derives it through Middle High German vīnt or vīant and Old High German fīand, literally the hating one; DWDS dates Old High German fīant and fījant to the eighth century and identifies the Germanic ancestor as a petrified substantivized present participle. Grimm’s dictionary independently compares Gothic fijands, Old English fēond, English fiend, Dutch vijand, and Nordic forms, while warning that its own still-deeper foam hypothesis required confirmation. The reviewed route therefore follows the inherited enemy noun to reconstructed *fi(j)and- and *fi(j)ēn-, then treats *peh₁- as proposed and stops.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗hospice
A program or facility for palliative care, historically a lodging or shelter for travelers, the poor, or the infirm.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗hospital
A medical institution whose name first referred to guest accommodation and charitable lodging, through Medieval Latin hospitāle.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗hospitality
The reception and care of guests, inherited through French from the Latin reciprocal host-and-guest family.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗host
A person who receives guests, borrowed through Anglo-French from Latin hospes, a word that could name either side of a reciprocal hospitality relationship.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗hostel
A lodging place, especially an inexpensive dormitory-style accommodation, continuing the older hospitality branch shared with hospital and hotel.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗hotel
A public lodging establishment, borrowed from French hôtel through Old French hostel and ultimately the Latin hospitality family.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗étymon
A French linguistic term for an attested or reconstructed form used to explain the historical development of one or more words.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗ATTESTED / RECONSTRUCTED / BOUNDARY
HISTORICAL FORMS
*pot-
master; one in control
- DATE
- Proto-Indo-European prehistory
- MATCH
- exact historical form
- DOSSIERS
- 0
*ghos-pot-
guest-master; person embodying a reciprocal hospitality relationship
- DATE
- Proto-Indo-European prehistory
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 6
*ǵhes-
take or give in exchange; hypothetical deeper base of *ghos-ti-
- DATE
- Proto-Indo-European prehistory
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 0
UNKNOWN
No deeper ancestor of the *pot- component is asserted in this graph branch.
- DATE
- before the reviewed *pot- component
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 0
WHERE INTERPRETATION IS TESTED
CLAIMS & DISPUTES
SCHOLARLY DISPUTES / 11
Is *lˤra the final word on the ancestry of tea?
It is the final reviewed reconstruction in this dossier, not a declaration that no deeper hypothesis exists. No unique deeper form is promoted until a competing analysis is encoded with direct evidence.
Is the Old High German form directly attested?
Unresolved in the located sources. Bailey prints *hezzen with an asterisk and reconstructs it from Middle High German and cognates, while Duden and the older Kluge entry refer to an Old High German hetzen without visibly marking the form as hypothetical.
How secure is the remote hospes compound?
Hospital’s path to Latin hospitāle and hospes is secure; the further reduction of hospes from *ghos-pot- remains probable rather than certain.
Is hospes securely reduced from *ghos-pot-?
The guest-master compound is a strong published analysis, but the amount of phonetic reduction has led scholars to question its exact form.
Is hospes securely reduced from *ghos-pot-?
The guest-master compound is a strong published analysis, but the amount of phonetic reduction has led some scholars to question its exact form.
Does *ghos-ti- descend from *ǵhes- “take, give in exchange”?
A deeper exchange root has been proposed, but Merriam-Webster labels the analysis hypothetical and the other reviewed root references stop at *ghos-ti-.
Does Evenki šamān securely descend from Sanskrit śramaṇa?
The resemblance and Central Asian transmission routes have motivated a hypothesis, but direct evidence connecting the Buddhist term to the Evenki word remains insufficient.
Did Lydian contact cause the loss of initial aspiration?
Gális presents Lydian contact only as a theoretical possibility, not an established cause of Greek psilosis.
Did Grimm establish a root meaning foam or fury?
No. DWB speculates about foam and rage but immediately says the matter should remain undecided and requires confirmation. It is evidence of scholarly history, not a secure ancestry node.
Was Munich hotean directly inspected?
Yes. Cgm 25 scan 152 visibly preserves hotean in the phrase thurh hotean hugi.
Must a French étymon be directly attested?
No. Both CNRTL and the Académie explicitly define the explanatory form as attested or reconstructed/hypothetical.
CONTRARIAN TRUTHS / 7
Even the source-form can wear an asterisk.
French lexicography defines an étymon as attested or reconstructed/hypothetical. The unit used to explain a word’s history is not automatically a surviving word.
The host could also be the guest.
Latin hospes carried reciprocal host-and-guest roles. The opposition feels fixed in modern English, but the historical hospitality relationship could reverse when obligations were returned.
A hospital was hospitality before medicine.
The English record begins with lodging and charitable shelter. The medical institution developed inside an older guest-care family rather than naming medicine from the start.
Hotel and hospital are siblings, not parent and child.
French hôtel continues Old French hostel, while hospital follows a related learned route through the same Latin guest-accommodation family. English hotel is not simply a shortening of English hospital.
Hospitality contains both host and guest.
Latin hospes could name either participant in reciprocal hospitality; the modern practice descends from a relationship, not just the host's action.
Hostel is older than the modern hotel story.
Hostel, hotel, and hospital are doublets from Latin guest lodging. Hostel preserves the older-looking French form; it is not a recent clipping of hotel.
Hospice began as hospitality, not terminal care.
English hospice first named lodging, especially a religious guesthouse. Palliative care is a later specialization of the same shelter-and-care history.
BOOKS / DICTIONARIES / ARTICLES / DATABASES
SOURCES
No reviewed record in this collection contains “pot.” Absence describes this graph, not all of linguistic scholarship.
FIRST USES & HISTORICAL OBJECTS
ATTESTATION WITNESSES
No reviewed record in this collection contains “pot.” Absence describes this graph, not all of linguistic scholarship.
SEARCH IS DISCOVERY, NOT PROOF
EVERY RESULT OPENS A PERMANENT EVIDENCE RECORD.
Matching text only locates a record. It does not raise confidence, settle a dispute, establish cognacy, or turn a source report into direct inspection. Follow the result into its citations and editorial limits.