GRAPH-WIDE SEARCH
MEASURE THE GRAPH ↗NOT JUST A DICTIONARY LOOKUP
6 EVIDENCE COLLECTIONSSEARCH
THE GRAPH.
Find a modern word—or search sideways through reconstructed roots, historical forms, meanings, languages, scholars, sources, claims, disputes, and witnesses.
WIKTIONARY VIA KAIKKI / WIKTEXTRACT
Imported dictionary evidence
These are source reports, not reviewed *SET-U ancestry. A list of templates or numbered etymologies is not an ancestor chain. Scholarly disagreements remain in the original source text.
35,981 English word records · 45,491 etymology sections in this online subset
PARTIAL ENGLISH COVERAGE · FULL CORPUS REMAINS LOCAL5 source sections across 1 headword matching “Meth”. These are separate from the reviewed results below.
methEnglish (en) · Etymology 1Source text
Clipping of methamphetamine.
Original Wiktionary entry and references ↗methEnglish (en) · Etymology 2Source text
Clipping of methadone.
Original Wiktionary entry and references ↗methEnglish (en) · Etymology 3Source text
From meths or methylated spirits, as stereotypically drunk by tramps.
Original Wiktionary entry and references ↗methEnglish (en) · Etymology 4Source text
From metheglin, from Welsh meddyglyn, from meddyg (“medicinal”) (from Latin medicus) + llyn (“liquor”) (cognate with Irish lionn and Gaelic leann).
Original Wiktionary entry and references ↗methEnglish (en) · Etymology 5Source text
Clipping of method, which see.
Original Wiktionary entry and references ↗INDEPENDENT SOURCE LIBRARY
More sources for this spelling
These are spelling matches, not a claim of identical senses or agreement. Historical accounts retain their own editions and limits; none is automatically promoted into reviewed ancestry.
Mayhew–Skeat (1888)
1888; pinned HTML transcription updated October 28, 20240112
MODERN ENTRY POINTS
WORD DOSSIERS
nounhistorical form
adverb
A grammatical class commonly modifying verbs, adjectives, other adverbs, phrases, clauses, or sentences; the English term continues Latin adverbium.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗noun · verbhistorical form
boomerang
An Aboriginal Australian borrowing recorded in English by 1824. Dharug and Dharawal forms have been proposed, but the Australian National Dictionary Centre says the exact source language remains uncertain.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗noundossier summary
calculus
A mathematical system, a method of reasoning, or a bodily stone; borrowed from a Latin word for a pebble used in counting.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗adjective · nounhistorical form
conscious
Aware, awake, or deliberate; borrowed directly from Latin conscius in the knowing-family.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗nouncontrarian claim
fiction
Invented narrative, imaginative creation, pretense, or legal assumption; borrowed through French from Latin fictio, an action of shaping, molding, or feigning.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗Danish common-gender noundossier summary
fjende
Modern Danish fjende is the ordinary noun for a person, state, force, ideological opponent, or figurative thing that harms something else. Den Danske Ordbog derives it from Old Norse fjándi, compares German Feind, and identifies the older formation as a present participle of a verb corresponding to Old Norse fjá, to hate or persecute. Gammeldansk Ordbog records fiende broadly from 1100–1300. Ordbog over det danske Sprog preserves fiende, finde, and related spellings, an ordinary enemy sense, military and animal uses, abstract threats, and a special religious Devil branch. Holbergordbog shows that Fiende could still scan as either three syllables or two, alongside Fiænde, Finde, Fînde, and clipped Fiend. The word is therefore a grammatical fossil, not a current psychological definition: a lexicalized one-who-hates became the ordinary Danish enemy noun and accumulated broad contextual work. The current pronunciations are dictionary records, not retrojections into medieval Danish. No manuscript or print object is claimed as directly inspected.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗noundossier summary
lesson
A unit of instruction or something learned, descending through a word that first named an act or selection of reading.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗nounhistorical form
proverb
A brief traditional saying or maxim; English received the word through Anglo-French from Latin proverbium.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗verbcontrarian claim
regulate
To govern, direct, order, or adjust according to a rule; entering English from Late Latin formations on rēgula.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗nouncontrarian claim
science
Systematic knowledge today; inherited through French from Latin scientia, a much broader word for knowledge, awareness, and understanding.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗nounhistorical form
verb
A grammatical word class expressing action, occurrence, or state; English borrowed the label through Anglo-French from Latin verbum.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗adjectivehistorical form
verbal
Of, relating to, or consisting of words; also of verbs and, in one modern contrast, spoken rather than written.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗028
ATTESTED / RECONSTRUCTED / BOUNDARY
HISTORICAL FORMS
*
Proto-Indo-European / Indo-European
*wer-dho-
something spoken; word
- DATE
- Proto-Indo-European suffixed full grade
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 5
Proto-Indo-European / Indo-European
*wr̥-dho-
something spoken; word
- DATE
- Proto-Indo-European suffixed zero grade
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 1
Proto-Germanic / Indo-European
*wurdam
word; something spoken
- DATE
- Proto-Germanic horizon
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 1
Present-Day English / Indo-European
boomerang
an Aboriginal Australian throwing club; later, something that recoils on its originator
- DATE
- 1824–today
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 1
Present-Day English / Indo-European
calculus
a mathematical method; a system of reckoning; also a bodily stone
- DATE
- 1666–today
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 1
Latin / Indo-European
cōnscius
knowing or aware; also knowing something along with another person
- DATE
- Latin antiquity
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 1
Present-Day English / Indo-European
lesson
a unit of instruction or something learned
- DATE
- 13th century–today
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 1
Present-Day English / Indo-European
science
systematic knowledge, especially knowledge tested through scientific method
- DATE
- 19th century–today
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 1
039
WHERE INTERPRETATION IS TESTED
CLAIMS & DISPUTES
SCHOLARLY DISPUTES / 3
resolvedestablishedposition text
Does every modern Feind literally mean one who hates?
No. The participial source is historical morphology. Modern Duden senses include personal enemy, hostile power or force, and a determined opponent of something without requiring a recoverable emotion in every token.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Does figure descend from dough because both mean something shaped?
No. Latin figūra and Germanic dough forms are separate root formations under *dheigh-.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Does the Brokmer B 101 passage mean a mother cannot hate her children?
No. In context it says that if the mother is so poor that she cannot otherwise feed or rear her children, she may take something from the wergeld.
CONTRARIAN TRUTHS / 6
RANK 2GRADE Aranked reveal
Truth began with firmness and fidelity.
Before truth centered factual correspondence, its family named what was firm, faithful, and steadfast.
RANK 6GRADE Aranked reveal
Evidence became a thread you could follow.
Old English cliewen was a ball of thread; the labyrinth metaphor turned it into guidance through uncertainty.
RANK 86GRADE Aranked reveal
Origin does not get the last word.
Calling something “etymological” describes its historical analysis; it does not make an obsolete sense more correct than a word’s established current meaning.
RANK 133GRADE Acontrarian claim
Fiction is historically something shaped.
Latin fictiō names shaping or molding, feigning, and pretense before English literary narrative becomes one major center.
RANK 203GRADE Aranked reveal
A lesson began as a reading.
Anglo-French leçon and Late Latin lectio name reading before the word expands into instruction and something learned from experience.
RANK 206GRADE Acontrarian claim
A legend was “something to be read.”
The dubious-story sense came later than the Medieval Latin reading category.
042
BOOKS / DICTIONARIES / ARTICLES / DATABASES
SOURCES
051
FIRST USES & HISTORICAL OBJECTS
ATTESTATION WITNESSES
06
SEARCH IS DISCOVERY, NOT PROOF
EVERY RESULT OPENS A PERMANENT EVIDENCE RECORD.
Matching text only locates a record. It does not raise confidence, settle a dispute, establish cognacy, or turn a source report into direct inspection. Follow the result into its citations and editorial limits.