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WIKTIONARY VIA KAIKKI / WIKTEXTRACT
Imported dictionary evidence
These are source reports, not reviewed *SET-U ancestry. A list of templates or numbered etymologies is not an ancestor chain. Scholarly disagreements remain in the original source text.
35,981 English word records · 45,491 etymology sections in this online subset
PARTIAL ENGLISH COVERAGE · FULL CORPUS REMAINS LOCAL4 source sections across 2 headwords matching “Book”. These are separate from the reviewed results below.
BookEnglish (en) · Etymology 2Source text
An Americanized form of German Buch, or alternatively a variant of Buck.
Original Wiktionary entry and references ↗bookEnglish (en) · Etymology 1Source text
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂ǵosder.? Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂g-der.? Proto-Germanic *bōks Proto-West Germanic *bōk Old English bōc Middle English bok English book From Middle English bok, book, from Old English bōc, from Proto-West Germanic *bōk, from Proto-Germanic *bōks. Bookmaker sense by clipping. Cognates Cognate with Scots beuk, buik, buke (“book”), Yola buke (“book”), North Frisian Bok, buk, bök (“book”), Saterland Frisian Bouk (“book”), West Frisian, Dutch boek (“book”), Alemannic German Buech (“book”), Bavarian Buach (“book”), Central Franconian Booch, Buch (“book”), German, Luxembourgish Buch (“book”), German Low German Book (“book”), Limburgish book, Bouk (“book”), Vilamovian büch (“book”), Yiddish בוך (bukh, “book”), Danish bog (“book”), Elfdalian buok (“book”), Faroese, Icelandic bók (“book”), Norwegian Bokmål, Norwegian Nynorsk and Swedish bok (“book”).
Original Wiktionary entry and references ↗bookEnglish (en) · Etymology 2Source text
Etymology tree Old English bōcian Middle English booken English book From Middle English booken, boken, from Old English bōcian, ġebōcian, from the noun (see above).
Original Wiktionary entry and references ↗bookEnglish (en) · Etymology 3Source text
From Middle English book, bok, from Old English bōc, from Proto-Germanic *bōk, first and third person singular indicative past tense of Proto-Germanic *bakaną (“to bake”).
Original Wiktionary entry and references ↗INDEPENDENT SOURCE LIBRARY
More sources for this spelling
These are spelling matches, not a claim of identical senses or agreement. Historical accounts retain their own editions and limits; none is automatically promoted into reviewed ancestry.
Browse the independently attributed sources →010
MODERN ENTRY POINTS
WORD DOSSIERS
No reviewed record in this collection contains “book.” Absence describes this graph, not all of linguistic scholarship.
020
ATTESTED / RECONSTRUCTED / BOUNDARY
HISTORICAL FORMS
No reviewed record in this collection contains “book.” Absence describes this graph, not all of linguistic scholarship.
033
WHERE INTERPRETATION IS TESTED
CLAIMS & DISPUTES
SCHOLARLY DISPUTES / 3
openproposedposition text
Is Choctaw bayuk a securely attested source of bayou?
No. An early Choctaw *bayok is plausible and accepted in a major handbook, but later bayuk is not securely attested and contraction to bók was conjectural.
openestablishedposition text
Is any one reviewed token the earliest surviving use of the verb?
Not established. The Book of Rudolf has an older text-date range but a later manuscript, and this review did not compare every witness, edition, or dating claim.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Could hatia concern damaging or hindering a road?
Yes in the reviewed legal records. The Register to Jus Municipale Frisonum pairs hatijen with hindrien on the army road, and the Book of Rudolf places hatie in a ban concerning that road.
CONTRARIAN TRUTHS / 0
043
BOOKS / DICTIONARIES / ARTICLES / DATABASES
SOURCES
etymological dictionary80 CLAIM LINKS
A Handbook of Germanic Etymology — *xataz, *xatjanan, and *xatōjanan
Vladimir Orel / 2003
source titleAUDIT EVERY USE ↗lexical corpus record6 CLAIM LINKS
Corpus Oudfries — hatia in the Book of Rudolf
Corpus Oudfries editors / 2026
source titleAUDIT EVERY USE ↗lexical corpus record3 CLAIM LINKS
Corpus Oudfries — hatia search hit in the Book of Debts
Corpus Oudfries editors / 2026
source titleAUDIT EVERY USE ↗053
FIRST USES & HISTORICAL OBJECTS
ATTESTATION WITNESSES
SOURCE REPORTEDlexical corpus record
Book of Rudolf
hatia / hatia / text dated 1220-1300; manuscript J dated 1520-1540; source-reported
Corpus Oudfries — hatia in the Book of Rudolfwitness-title prefix / OPEN RECORD ↗SOURCE REPORTEDlexical corpus record
schoolbook historical narrative
fjende / fjende / modern example dated 1991 by source
Den Danske Ordbog — fjendereporting source / OPEN RECORD ↗SOURCE REPORTEDlexical corpus
Bright’s edited Phoenix, preserved in the Exeter Book
hettan / hettan / Old English Phoenix record
An Anglo-Saxon Reader — The Phœnixreporting source / OPEN RECORD ↗06
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