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WIKTIONARY VIA KAIKKI / WIKTEXTRACT
Imported dictionary evidence
These are source reports, not reviewed *SET-U ancestry. A list of templates or numbered etymologies is not an ancestor chain. Scholarly disagreements remain in the original source text.
35,981 English word records · 45,491 etymology sections in this online subset
PARTIAL ENGLISH COVERAGE · FULL CORPUS REMAINS LOCAL1 source section across 1 headword matching “Boar”. These are separate from the reviewed results below.
boarEnglish (en) · Unnumbered etymologySource text
From Middle English bor, boor, from Old English bār, from Proto-West Germanic *bair.
Original Wiktionary entry and references ↗INDEPENDENT SOURCE LIBRARY
More sources for this spelling
These are spelling matches, not a claim of identical senses or agreement. Historical accounts retain their own editions and limits; none is automatically promoted into reviewed ancestry.
Browse the independently attributed sources →016
MODERN ENTRY POINTS
WORD DOSSIERS
verbcontrarian claim
calculate
To determine mathematically or estimate, borrowed from a Latin family built around counting with pebbles.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗nounhistorical form
calculator
A person or device that calculates, inherited from a medieval human-reckoner word and the Latin counting-pebble family.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗nounhistorical form
calculus
A mathematical system, a method of reasoning, or a bodily stone; borrowed from a Latin word for a pebble used in counting.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗noundossier summary
chess
The board game whose English name arrives through French chess vocabulary, with competing scholarly accounts of the deeper Persian and Arabic route.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗noundossier summary
emoticon
A keyboard-character sequence depicting a facial expression, posture, emotion, or attitude; an English compound of emotion and icon.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗nouncontrarian claim
shah
The Persian title for a king or sovereign, borrowed into English in the sixteenth century.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗023
ATTESTED / RECONSTRUCTED / BOUNDARY
HISTORICAL FORMS
●
Latin / Indo-European
calculus
pebble; counting-board pebble; calculation; account
- DATE
- Latin antiquity
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 3
Present-Day English / Indo-European
chess
the two-player strategy board game
- DATE
- 14th century–today
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 1
Present-Day English / Indo-European
emoticon
keyboard characters depicting a facial expression, posture, emotion, or attitude
- DATE
- 1987–today
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 1
0314
WHERE INTERPRETATION IS TESTED
CLAIMS & DISPUTES
SCHOLARLY DISPUTES / 12
resolvedestablishedposition text
Did every Germanic cognate preserve the same semantic history?
No. German Feind remains an ordinary enemy noun, English fiend foregrounds demon and vicious-person senses, and Old Norse is glossed enemy or devil. Shared ancestry does not erase branch-specific semantics.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Does modern Freund literally mean someone currently loving?
No. The participial source is diachronic morphology; contemporary dictionaries give lexical friend, partner, supporter, and ally senses.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Could medieval haʒ describe friendly competition?
Yes in one cited Erec context. DWB quotes riders who friuntlîchen striten and calls their contest bescheiden haʒ, rivalry in pursuing a goal. This does not make every medieval use friendly.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Were Roman calculations literally made with stones?
Latin calculus did name a pebble used on a counting board, and the computation sense developed from that practice.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Does Portuguese chá disprove the sea-versus-land rule?
It disproves the rule as a universal law, not the global tendency. Portuguese merchants used a maritime route yet Portuguese retained a cha-type form.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Does the root reveal that every enemy is truly a hater?
No. Etymology records historical formation, not an immutable present-day essence. Modern fiende covers people, states, armies, forces, and figurative threats whether or not literal hatred is evidenced.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Does properly a hater define every fjándi referent?
No. It is a historical word-formation gloss, not a psychological claim about every enemy, demon, god, animal, object, or insult target.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Was kinship the recorded Scandinavian center?
Yes, but not the exclusive sense. Cleasby–Vigfússon and Zoëga center kinsman, while ONP preserves narrower friend and companion groups beside the much broader relative record.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Does the root reveal that every enemy truly hates?
No. Historical word formation does not dictate the psychology of every referent. AWB includes military collectives, opponents, spiritual enemies, the Devil, and fixed constructions with context-dependent force.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Does the etymology prove that every enemy truly hates?
No. Historical word formation does not determine the psychology of every referent. The corpus includes singular, plural, religious, military, and collective opponents.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Does ONP's sense order prove a chronological semantic sequence?
No. A structured dictionary article groups meanings for analysis; it does not by itself prove that persecution came before rejection, humiliation, or ordinary hate in speech.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Did hatia mean only inward hatred?
No. Hofmann and Popkema give hate or reject, damage, and a feud-language expression for harming or pursuing someone as an enemy. The corpus records include road and legal-adversity contexts beside theological hate.
CONTRARIAN TRUTHS / 2
RANK 5GRADE Aranked reveal
Calculation began with a pebble in the hand.
Latin calculus was a small stone used for reckoning before calculation became abstract.
RANK 211GRADE A−ranked reveal
Higher mathematics began with a pebble.
Latin calculus named a counting-board pebble and a calculation. Its deeper stone ancestry is still disputed between a limestone derivation and a possible shared Mediterranean substrate source.
040
BOOKS / DICTIONARIES / ARTICLES / DATABASES
SOURCES
No reviewed record in this collection contains “boar.” Absence describes this graph, not all of linguistic scholarship.
051
FIRST USES & HISTORICAL OBJECTS
ATTESTATION WITNESSES
06
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Matching text only locates a record. It does not raise confidence, settle a dispute, establish cognacy, or turn a source report into direct inspection. Follow the result into its citations and editorial limits.