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START / NODE 681Present-Day English15th century–today
verbatim
In exactly the same words; English borrowed the Medieval Latin adverb verbatim, built on verbum and -atim.
“Verbatim entered English as an adverb meaning word for word; its familiar adjective use is later.”OPEN COMPLETE WORD DOSSIER ↗
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01
PARENT ROUTES1 REVIEWED RELATIONSHIP
Present-Day Englishverbatim
in exactly the same words; word for word
↑GO DEEPER
Medieval Latin · Medieval Latinverbātimword for word
- SOUND CHANGE
- English verbatim borrows Medieval Latin verbatim with learned stress and pronunciation adaptation.
- SEMANTIC CHANGE
- Word for word remains the core adverbial meaning; adjective use develops later in English.
- SCHOLAR
- Merriam-Webster Editors
- CONFIDENCE
- established
- CHRONOLOGY
- The adverb is reported from the fifteenth century and the adjective from 1613.
THE ASTERISK IS A PROMISE
RECONSTRUCTION IS
NOT INSCRIPTION.
Crossing into a starred form changes the evidence class. The interface marks that crossing, preserves confidence, and never manufactures the next root to make the picture look complete.