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START / NODE 1190Germancurrent German standard spelling since 1996
Hass
The modern German noun for intense aversion, rejection, or hostility toward a person, group, or institution. Duden traces Middle and Old High German haʒ to suffering, sorrow, and resentment and records the 1996 spelling change from Haß to Hass. DWDS/Pfeifer reports the Old High German noun from the eighth century and places it in the Germanic family of Old Saxon heti, Old English hete, Old Norse hatr, Gothic hatis, and related forms. Grimm’s DWB preserves a more complicated semantic record: hostile pursuit or action, anger expressed in deeds, ordinary hostile disposition, and even measured rivalry during friendly competition. The reviewed route reuses *hatiz- and the qualified *ḱh₂d-es- / *ḱeh₂d- comparison, then stops.
“Medieval Hass could be friendly. Grimm cites an Erec passage in which riders compete amicably and their bescheiden haʒ is measured rivalry, not modern intense aversion. The record proves a historical side meaning without proving that love and hate share a root.”OPEN COMPLETE WORD DOSSIER ↗
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01
PARENT ROUTES1 REVIEWED RELATIONSHIP
GermanHass
intense aversion, rejection, or hostility toward a person, group, or institution
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German · New High German spelling history before the 1996 reformHaß / haszhostile disposition, hatred, anger, or hostile action
- SOUND CHANGE
- The 1996 German spelling reform writes ss after the short vowel in Hass where the pre-reform standard used ß. No pronunciation change is asserted.
- SEMANTIC CHANGE
- The lexical meaning remains intense aversion or hostility; the edge models spelling standardization, not a new emotional category.
- SCHOLAR
- Dudenredaktion
- CONFIDENCE
- established — Duden explicitly flags a 1996 spelling change. Earlier ss usage in Switzerland or other settings is not dated away by the standardization claim.
- CHRONOLOGY
- Pre-reform Haß to current standard Hass in 1996.
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