NODE / 0241attestedOld English
tīen / tēn
ten
- DATE
- Old English, before 1150
- SENSE
- cardinal number
- FAMILY
- Indo-European / West Germanic
- CANONICAL KEY
- node:3:tien ten:attested:sense:cardinal-number
Merriam-Webster gives West Saxon tīen and tēn as the Old English sources.
01ANCESTRAL EDGES
ROOT OF THIS ROOT
GO DEEPERinheritanceprobable
Proto-Germanic · Proto-Germanic reconstruction, c. 500 BCE–200 CE · cardinal number*tehun
ten
- SOUND
- Old English tīen and tēn continue Germanic *tehun through West Germanic consonant loss and vowel development.
- MEANING
- The numeral meaning remains ten.
- CHRONOLOGY
- Proto-Germanic to Old English.
- SCHOLAR
- Merriam-Webster Editors
- CONFIDENCE
- probable — The Germanic and Old English forms are given, while this edge summarizes multiple regular developments rather than one spelling substitution.
02DIRECT DESCENDANT EDGES
THE NEXT HISTORICAL STEP
DESCENDANTinheritanceestablished
Middle English · Middle English, c. 1150–1500 · cardinal numberten
ten
- SOUND
- Middle English ten continues Old English tīen and tēn with vowel shortening and spelling convergence.
- MEANING
- The cardinal meaning remains ten.
- CHRONOLOGY
- Old English to Middle English.
- SCHOLAR
- Merriam-Webster Editors
- CONFIDENCE
- established — The entry explicitly supplies the Old and Middle English lineage.
03TRANSITIVE DESCENDANT CLOSURE
EVERY REVIEWED BRANCH FROM HERE
This is the complete downstream closure currently supported by the canonical graph. Every displayed step is a real reviewed edge with its own sound claim, meaning claim, scholar, confidence, and citations.
- UNIQUE DESCENDANT NODES
- 2
- REVIEWED EDGES
- 2
- DEEPEST PATH
- 2
- MODERN DOSSIERS REACHED
- 1
HISTORICAL STEP 011 EDGE
STEP 01inheritanceestablished
- SOUND
- Middle English ten continues Old English tīen and tēn with vowel shortening and spelling convergence.
- MEANING
- The cardinal meaning remains ten.
HISTORICAL STEP 021 EDGE
STEP 02historical continuationestablished
- SOUND
- Modern English ten continues the Middle English spelling with ordinary phonological stabilization.
- MEANING
- The cardinal value remains ten while later noun, rating, money, and idiomatic senses branch from it.
“Every” means every descendant in the reviewed SET-U graph. It does not convert missing scholarship or missing ingestion into a claim of historical completeness. The coverage ledger remains the honest denominator.
04RECORDED EVIDENCE
ATTESTATIONS / FIRST KNOWN USE
NO RECORDED WITNESS ATTACHED.The reviewed graph does not yet attach a source-reported or directly inspected witness to this canonical form.
05EDITORIAL REUSE
WORD DOSSIERS USING THIS NODE