*SET-U

THE JOURNEY ATLAS

TIMELINE ATLAS ↗

MAP THE ROUTE / KEEP THE LIMIT

PLACE → PERIOD → TRANSFORMATION

WORDS HAVE
ADDRESSES.

Trace where a word’s reviewed history passed through—and see every broad, global, or uncertain stage that cannot honestly be reduced to one point.

THE GEOGRAPHIC CONTRACT

A ROUTE IS A MODEL.
NOT A GPS TRACE.

Regional pins locate reviewed cultural stages. Approximate pins locate broad reconstructed or contact regions. Global stages stay unpinned. Every route preserves its full editorial sequence; only directly cited, explicitly bounded stages also enter the cross-word Timeline Atlas.

959REVIEWED ROUTE STAGES

Ordered inside 214 complete dossier journeys.

230HONEST MAP POINTS

231 coordinate pairs exist; global placements are suppressed.

729NO SINGLE PIN

Broad, global, uncertain, or not honestly reducible to one point.

959DIRECTLY CITED STAGES

1324 claim-level citations; every remaining stage is a frontier task.

578NUMERIC TIME BOUNDS

Source-backed stages now join the cross-word Timeline Atlas.

381TIME BOUNDS WITHHELD

Historic labels remain readable without being parsed into false years.

00

FILTER THE ROUTE ARCHIVE

WHERE DID THE WORD GO?

214 ROUTES / 959 MATCHING STAGES

Filters select complete word journeys when any stage matches. The map and route card then preserve the surrounding stages, so a search result never becomes a historically amputated dot.

01

THE REVIEWED GEOGRAPHIC LAYER

WORDS DO NOT MOVE IN STRAIGHT LINES.

230 PLOTTED STAGES
230 plotted stages in matching word journeys-logy, stage 1: Ancient Greek linguistic record — -logiā, logos, and legein-logy, stage 3: Northern France — Old French -logie-logy, stage 4: England — Middle English -logieadverb, stage 2: Roman grammatical tradition — Latin adverbiumadverb, stage 3: France and England — Middle French to Middle Englishaguacate, stage 1: Nahuatl-speaking central Mexico — 1571 Molina recordalgebra, stage 1: Baghdad — c. 825algebra, stage 2: Iberian and Latin translation worlds — 12th centuryalgebra, stage 3: England — 1551algorism, stage 1: Khwārizmian name horizon — approximately 780–850algorism, stage 2: Medieval Latin Europe — 12th centuryalgorism, stage 3: France and England — 13th–14th centuriesalgorism, stage 4: Medieval England — 14th centuryalgorithm, stage 1: Khwārizm — 8th–9th centuriesalgorithm, stage 2: Baghdad — 9th centuryalgorithm, stage 3: Medieval Latin Europe — 12th–15th centuriesarithmetic, stage 1: Ancient Greek linguistic world — antiquityarithmetic, stage 2: Latin and medieval French scholarship — 12th–13th centuriesarithmetic, stage 3: Medieval England — circa 1250 English horizonbetroth, stage 3: England — Middle English bi-/be- plus trouthboy, stage 1: Medieval England — Middle English boibride, stage 1: Old English language area — Old English brȳdbridegroom, stage 3: Scots and English record — brydegrome in 1525calculate, stage 3: England — 1542 English first-known-use horizoncalculator, stage 1: Roman world — Latin antiquity and Late Latincalculator, stage 2: Medieval England — 14th-century English recordcalculus, stage 1: Roman world — Latin antiquitycalculus, stage 3: England — 1666 English recordcandid, stage 2: Latin-speaking Mediterranean — Latin antiquitycandid, stage 3: France — Middle French, c. 1300–1600candid, stage 4: England and global English — 1597–todaycandidate, stage 1: Roman office-seeking practice — Roman antiquity; exact onset unresolvedcandidate, stage 2: French candidat and learned circulation — 1284 French record; 1546 public-office sensecandidate, stage 3: England — 1600 English first-known-use horizoncandor, stage 1: Latin-speaking Mediterranean — Latin antiquitycandor, stage 2: France — French transmission, date unresolvedcandor, stage 3: England — 14th-century English recordchá, stage 2: Macao and Cantonese maritime contact — 16th centurychá, stage 3: Portuguese-language record — current Infopédia recordclew, stage 1: Anglo-Saxon England — Old English, before the 12th centuryclew, stage 2: Medieval England — Middle English, c. 1100–1500clue, stage 1: Anglo-Saxon England — before 1150clue, stage 2: English literature — late 16th c.collect, stage 2: Roman world — antiquitycollect, stage 3: Anglo-French and Middle English — medievalconscience, stage 2: Roman world — Latin antiquityconscience, stage 3: Medieval France and England — 13th-century English horizonconscious, stage 2: Roman world — Latin antiquityconscious, stage 3: England — circa 1600 English recorddairy, stage 1: Old English language area — dǣge, female baker or servantdialogue, stage 2: Ancient Greek speech communities — Ancient Greek recorddialogue, stage 3: Roman literary world — Latin antiquity and Late Latindialogue, stage 4: Medieval England — circa 1200–15th centurydirect, stage 3: France and England — Anglo-French directer to Middle English directendisaster, stage 2: Italy — Old Italian stage; exact onset unresolveddisaster, stage 3: France — Middle French borrowing; exact onset unresolveddough, stage 3: Anglo-Saxon England — dāg before the 12th centuryemoticon, stage 2: Roman and Francophone transmission — Latin antiquity–16th centuryemoticon, stage 3: England — 1579 English emotion recordemotion, stage 2: Roman and Francophone transmission — Latin antiquity–16th centuryemotion, stage 3: England — 1579 English recordetymological, stage 2: Early Modern England — 1588–1590s source horizonsetymologist, stage 1: Medieval and Early Modern English learned vocabulary — late 14th century–1604etymologist, stage 2: Early Modern England — 1604–1630s source horizonsetymologize, stage 1: Medieval English learned vocabulary — late 14th century onwardetymologize, stage 2: Early Modern England — 1532 transitive horizonetymologize, stage 3: English semantic expansion — 1650s intransitive horizonetymology, stage 2: Ancient Greece — 1st millennium BCEetymology, stage 3: Rome and medieval Europe — antiquity–14th c.etymon, stage 1: Later Ancient Greek learned usage — Hellenistic and Roman periodsetymon, stage 2: Latin scholarly transmission — antiquity–medieval learned useetymon, stage 3: English printed record — 1573feign, stage 2: Medieval English language area — Middle English feynen and feignenfemale, stage 2: Roman linguistic world — fēmina to fēmellafemale, stage 3: France and England — femele to femellefiction, stage 2: Medieval English language area — Middle English ficciounfigure, stage 3: Medieval France and England — figure in the 13th centuryfijan, stage 4: Ravenna — early-sixth-century Codex Argenteus witnessesfijan, stage 5: Werden, Ruhr district — sixteenth-century Codex Argenteus custodyfijan, stage 6: Prague — imperial custody by 1600 to 1648fijan, stage 7: Stockholm — Swedish royal custody after 1648fijan, stage 9: Uppsala University Library — custody since 1669fijands, stage 5: Ravenna — early-sixth-century Codex Argenteus witnessesfijands, stage 6: Werden, Ruhr district — sixteenth-century Codex Argenteus custodyfijands, stage 7: Prague — imperial custody by 1600 to 1648fijands, stage 8: Stockholm — Swedish royal custody after 1648fijands, stage 10: Uppsala University Library — custody since 1669girl, stage 1: Medieval England — Middle English girlehatan, stage 3: Ravenna — early-sixth-century Codex Argenteus witnesseshatan, stage 4: Werden, Ruhr district — sixteenth-century manuscript custodyhatan, stage 5: Prague — imperial custody by 1600 to 1648hatan, stage 6: Stockholm — Swedish royal custody after 1648hatan, stage 8: Uppsala University Library — custody since 1669hatis, stage 3: Ravenna — early-sixth-century Codex Argenteus witnesshatis, stage 4: Werden, Ruhr district — sixteenth-century Codex Argenteus custodyhatis, stage 5: Prague — imperial custody by 1600 to 1648hatis, stage 6: Stockholm — Swedish royal custody after 1648hatis, stage 8: Uppsala University Library — custody since 1669hatizōn, stage 3: Ravenna — early-sixth-century Codex Argenteushatizōn, stage 4: Werden, Ruhr district — sixteenth-century manuscript custodyhatizōn, stage 5: Prague — imperial custody by 1600 to 1648hatizōn, stage 6: Stockholm — Swedish royal custody after 1648hatizōn, stage 8: Uppsala University Library — custody since 1669hatjan, stage 3: Ravenna — early-sixth-century Codex Argenteushatjan, stage 4: Werden, Ruhr district — sixteenth-century manuscript custodyhatjan, stage 5: Prague — imperial custody by 1600 to 1648hatjan, stage 6: Stockholm — Swedish royal custody after 1648hatjan, stage 8: Uppsala University Library — custody since 1669hatōn, stage 4: Corvey catalog attribution — Cgm 25, second half of the ninth centuryheti, stage 4: Corvey catalog attribution — Cgm 25, second half of the ninth centuryhospice, stage 3: England — 1818 English lodging horizonhospitality, stage 2: Latin-speaking Mediterranean — Latin antiquityhospitality, stage 3: France and England — medieval French and English transmissionhostel, stage 2: England — 14th-century English recordhostis, stage 3: Rome — Cicero’s 44 BCE semantic testimonyhuman, stage 2: Roman linguistic world — homō to hūmānushuman, stage 3: France and England — humainhumble, stage 3: Medieval England and Anglo-French contact — humble in the 13th centuryhumiliate, stage 3: England — circa 1534 English recordhumiliation, stage 3: Northern France — Middle French before 1449–1495humiliation, stage 4: England — late 14th-century Middle Englishhumility, stage 3: Northern France — later 10th century–1400 Old Frenchhumility, stage 4: England — 14th-century Middle English and Englishhusband, stage 3: Medieval England — hūsbōnda to husbondehōti, stage 6: Corvey catalog attribution — Cgm 25, second half of the ninth centuryicon, stage 1: Greek and Roman linguistic worlds — antiquity–Late Latinicon, stage 2: England — 1572 English recordicon, stage 3: Eastern Christian and English religious discourse — 1833–todayintellect, stage 1: Roman world — Latin antiquityintellect, stage 2: Medieval France — Old French transmission, c. 800–1400intellect, stage 3: England — 14th-century English recordintelligence, stage 2: Roman world — antiquityintelligence, stage 3: France and England — 14th centuryintelligent, stage 2: Roman world — Latin antiquityintelligent, stage 3: England — circa 1540 English recordkapu, stage 2: Hawaiian-language record — 1836 dictionary record–todaykayık, stage 3: Modern Turkish kayık — 2023 dictionary record–todaylady, stage 2: Medieval England — hlǣfdige to ladylaw, stage 2: Scandinavia and the Old Norse world — approximately 700–1500law, stage 3: Anglo-Saxon England — before the 12th centurylay, stage 2: Anglo-Saxon England — before the 12th centurylay, stage 3: Middle English England — approximately 1150–1500lecture, stage 2: Roman and medieval scholarly worlds — antiquity–medievallecture, stage 3: England — 15th centurylegal, stage 2: Roman world — antiquitylegal, stage 3: Anglo-French England — medievallegend, stage 2: Medieval Latin Christendom — medievallegend, stage 3: England — c. 1500legible, stage 2: Roman and Late Latin world — Latin antiquity–late antiquitylegible, stage 3: England — late 14th–15th centurieslegislation, stage 3: France — 1372–1374 French recordlegislation, stage 4: England — 1606 English reportlesson, stage 3: England — 13th-century English recordliufs, stage 4: Ravenna — early-6th-century Codex Argenteuslogic, stage 2: Ancient Greece — 1st millennium BCElogic, stage 3: Latin and medieval French scholarship — antiquity–12th centurylord, stage 2: Medieval England — hlāford to loverdlove, stage 1: Pontic–Caspian horizon — Proto-Indo-European prehistorylove, stage 3: Anglo-Saxon England — Old English period; English record before 12th c.male, stage 1: Roman linguistic world — mās to masculusmale, stage 2: France and England — masle to maleman, stage 3: Early and medieval England — Old English mann to Middle English mannescience, stage 3: England — 1612 English recordomniscient, stage 3: England — 1598 English recordperson, stage 2: Roman linguistic world — Latin persōnaperson, stage 3: France and England — personeprescient, stage 2: Roman world — Latin antiquityprescient, stage 3: France — 15th-century French recordprescient, stage 4: England — 1620s English recordprologue, stage 2: Ancient Greek theatre — Ancient Greek recordprologue, stage 3: Roman literary world — Latin antiquity and Late Latinprologue, stage 4: Medieval England — 14th–15th centuriesproverb, stage 2: Roman world — Latin proverbiumqajaq, stage 2: Greenlandic qajaq terminology — 1987 terminology record–todayquarantine, stage 1: Dubrovnik / Ragusa — 1377 thirty-day trentino lawrealm, stage 3: France and England — Old French reiame to Middle English realmeregal, stage 3: France and England — Old French or Anglo-French transmissionregular, stage 3: France and England — Anglo-French reguler to Middle English regulerregulate, stage 3: England — Middle English regulaterich, stage 3: England — Old English rīcerich, stage 4: France and England — Old French riche and Middle English richeright, stage 3: England — Old English riht to Middle English rightrobot, stage 2: Prague — 1920 R.U.R. coinagerobot, stage 3: English-language R.U.R. translation and print — 1922 first-use horizon; inspected 1923 editionroyal, stage 3: France and England — Anglo-French roial to Middle English roialrule, stage 3: France and England — Anglo-French reule to Middle English reulerí, stage 3: Ireland — Old Irish rí and ríg, 8th–10th centuriessalary, stage 2: Roman world — imperial periodsalary, stage 3: Medieval France — 12th–13th c.salary, stage 4: England — 13th c. first-known-use horizonsalt, stage 2: Germanic and Anglo-Saxon Europe — approximately 450–1150salt, stage 3: England — before the 12th centuryselect, stage 2: England — 1565 adjective horizonselect, stage 3: England — 1566 verb horizonsincere, stage 1: Roman world — antiquitysincere, stage 2: France — 15th c.; attestations in 1441 and 1474sincere, stage 3: England — 1533 first-known-use horizontapu, stage 2: Aotearoa New Zealand Māori record — 1872 corpus example–todaytea, stage 2: Xiamen, Fujian — Southern Min contact eratea, stage 4: England — 1655 onwardten, stage 3: England — recorded before the 12th centurytree, stage 3: England — Old English trēow to Middle English treetroth, stage 3: England — Old English trēowþ to Middle English trouthtruce, stage 3: England — Old English trēow to Middle English plural trewestrue, stage 3: England — Old English trēowe to Middle English trewetrust, stage 3: Scandinavian linguistic horizon — Old Norse traust or a related Scandinavian sourcetrust, stage 4: England — Middle English trustetruth, stage 3: England — Old English trēowþ to Middle English trewtheverb, stage 2: Roman world — Latin verbumverb, stage 3: Anglo-French Britain — Latin-to-French-to-English transmissionverbal, stage 1: Late Latin learned tradition — verbalis from verbum plus -alisverbal, stage 2: England — 15th-century English recordverbatim, stage 1: Roman world — Latin verbum and word-for-word phraseswife, stage 2: Medieval England — wīf to wifwoman, stage 2: Medieval England — wīfman to wommanword, stage 3: England — Old English record before the 12th centuryçay, stage 3: Turkey Turkish record — 2023 dictionary edition–todayétymologie, stage 1: Ancient Greek learned tradition — Hellenistic and later Greekétymologie, stage 2: Latin grammatical tradition — antiquity–medieval Europeétymologie, stage 3: Old French textual record — c. 1175–1188étymologie, stage 4: French technical specialization — 1529–1756étymon, stage 1: Later Ancient Greek learned usage — Hellenistic and Roman periodsétymon, stage 2: Latin scholarly transmission — antiquity–medieval learned useétymon, stage 3: French lexicographic record — 1892μυς, stage 4: Modern Greece — current anatomical usageчай, stage 3: Russian-language record — Vasmer dictionary recordստոյգ, stage 3: Historical Armenian lexicography — 19th-century dictionaries–todayچای, stage 3: Persian-language record — Dehkhoda lexicographic record–todayἐτήτυμος, stage 3: Ancient Greek poetic usage — Archaic–Classical recordἔτυμος, stage 3: Later Greek learned usage — Hellenistic and Roman-period records
REGIONAL PLACEMENTAPPROXIMATE / RECONSTRUCTED REGIONGLOBAL OR UNLOCATED — NO SINGLE PIN

This is not a GPS trace. Lines appear only when adjacent stages in one selected route both have defensible points. A global stage is not pinned even when a legacy coordinate names the route’s point of departure. Missing locations break the line.

02

ROUTE-BY-ROUTE SEQUENCE TIMELINES

214 MATCHING WORD JOURNEYS

PAGE 26 / 27
063

REVIEWED WORD JOURNEY

yogurt

OPEN DOSSIER ↗
2STAGES0HONEST PINS2NO SINGLE PIN
  1. 01
    Turkish yoğurtNO SINGLE PIN

    Turkish-speaking world

    The immediate English source is the attested Turkish food word.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  2. 02
    1625 English recordNO SINGLE PIN

    Global English

    Merriam-Webster reports English first known use in 1625.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
102

REVIEWED WORD JOURNEY

çay

OPEN DOSSIER ↗
3STAGES1HONEST PINS2NO SINGLE PIN
  1. 01
    Old and Middle Chinese reconstructionsNO SINGLE PIN

    Chinese linguistic horizon

    The Turkish word ultimately belongs to the Chinese cha family.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  2. 02
    historical route, exact date unresolvedNO SINGLE PIN

    Persian-to-Turkey-Turkish bridge

    Boz argues that Persian is the more defensible bridge language into historical Turkey Turkish.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  3. 03
    2023 dictionary edition–todayregional placement

    Turkey Turkish record

    TDK records the modern form and its expanded semantic field.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
109

REVIEWED WORD JOURNEY

étymologie

OPEN DOSSIER ↗
5STAGES4HONEST PINS1NO SINGLE PIN
  1. 01
    Hellenistic and later Greekregional placement

    Ancient Greek learned tradition

    Greek ἐτυμολογία supplies the learned compound behind the Latin and French word.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  2. 02
    antiquity–medieval Europeregional placement

    Latin grammatical tradition

    Latin etymologia transmitted the Greek technical noun into Romance learned use.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  3. 03
    c. 1175–1188regional placement

    Old French textual record

    CNRTL reports early ethimologie and ethymelogie forms in two medieval works with special contextual uses.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  4. 04
    1529–1756regional placement

    French technical specialization

    French moves from explanations of particular words toward a named general inquiry into word origins.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  5. 05
    1756–todayNO SINGLE PIN

    Present French scholarship

    Étymologie becomes the standard French name for word-origin research and historical explanation.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
112

REVIEWED WORD JOURNEY

étymologique

OPEN DOSSIER ↗
4STAGES0HONEST PINS4NO SINGLE PIN
  1. 01
    date and transfer center unresolvedNO SINGLE PIN

    Ancient Greek learned tradition

    Greek ἐτυμολογικός is the named source of the Latin adjective, but the reviewed route source does not identify one earliest object or transfer center.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  2. 02
    Diomedes cited; exact event unresolvedNO SINGLE PIN

    Late Latin grammatical tradition

    CNRTL reports nomina etymologica in Diomedes while leaving the borrowing event itself undated.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  3. 03
    c. 1550NO SINGLE PIN

    French-language record

    CNRTL reports noms étymologiques in Bonivard for compound names said to reveal their true sense.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  4. 04
    1694–todayNO SINGLE PIN

    French lexicographic record

    The Académie records etymologique from its first edition and preserves the adjective through the ninth.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
111

REVIEWED WORD JOURNEY

étymon

OPEN DOSSIER ↗
4STAGES3HONEST PINS1NO SINGLE PIN
  1. 01
    Hellenistic and Roman periodsregional placement

    Later Ancient Greek learned usage

    The substantivized neuter ἔτυμον denotes the true sense of a word according to its origin.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  2. 02
    antiquity–medieval learned useregional placement

    Latin scholarly transmission

    CNRTL places Latin etymon between Greek and French, while the Académie compresses the route as direct Greek borrowing.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  3. 03
    1892regional placement

    French lexicographic record

    CNRTL reports the French technical noun in Guérin.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  4. 04
    1892–todayNO SINGLE PIN

    Modern French linguistic usage

    Étymon denotes an attested or reconstructed explanatory source form.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
209

REVIEWED WORD JOURNEY

κῆδος

OPEN DOSSIER ↗
8STAGES0HONEST PINS8NO SINGLE PIN
  1. 01
    *ḱh₂d-es- and *ḱeh₂d-NO SINGLE PIN

    Disputed Indo-European comparative horizon

    Greek care and grief are compared with Celtic, Germanic, Italic, and other material, but the reconstruction is not one archaeological place or attested speech event.

    3 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  2. 02
    long-vowel formation behind Ionic-Attic κῆδος and Doric κᾶδοςNO SINGLE PIN

    Prehistoric Greek linguistic horizon

    The dialect forms support a Greek history while no unique Proto-Hellenic token, speaker, or homeland is directly preserved.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  3. 03
    κῆδος and plural κήδεα or κήδεʼ in epicNO SINGLE PIN

    Homeric troubles and concern record

    Homeric lines document trouble, anxiety, grief, and concern without reducing oral-text composition or manuscript transmission to one pin.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  4. 04
    κήδεα in lament and death contextsNO SINGLE PIN

    Homeric mourning and funeral record

    The same noun participates in mourning and funeral-obligation language alongside its trouble and concern uses.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  5. 05
    Helen as object of care and marriage connectionNO SINGLE PIN

    Classical tragic wordplay

    LSJ reports Aeschylus playing on two lexical senses rather than documenting a new ancestry edge.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  6. 06
    κῆδος as affinity or connection by marriageNO SINGLE PIN

    Classical marriage-connection record

    Historiography, tragedy, and other prose attest the kinship-by-marriage sense. Its emergence is not assigned to one event or place.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  7. 07
    care, grief, burial, responsibility, and affinity across genresNO SINGLE PIN

    Ancient Greek textual continuum

    The semantic network remains distributed across Greek dialects, genres, and centuries rather than becoming one point on a map.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  8. 08
    before the disputed care-grief-hatred comparisonNO SINGLE PIN

    Knowledge boundary

    The trail ends without selecting care, grief, mourning, marriage, battle, pursuit, or hate as one original essence.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
045

REVIEWED WORD JOURNEY

μυς

OPEN DOSSIER ↗
4STAGES1HONEST PINS3NO SINGLE PIN
  1. 01
    Proto-Indo-European reconstructionNO SINGLE PIN

    Indo-European linguistic horizon

    Comparative evidence reconstructs *mūs- across Greek, Latin, Germanic, and other branches without locating one archaeological point.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  2. 02
    mouse sense in Greek literatureNO SINGLE PIN

    Ancient Greek literary world

    The Liddell–Scott entry cites the mouse word in the Batrachomyomachia, Herodotus, and Theocritus.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  3. 03
    mouse and muscle polysemyNO SINGLE PIN

    Ancient Greek anatomical vocabulary

    The same entry records μῦς as a body muscle as well as a mouse.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  4. 04
    current anatomical usageregional placement

    Modern Greece

    Modern Greek μυς is the ordinary anatomical muscle word, with a learned mouse sense also recorded.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
103

REVIEWED WORD JOURNEY

чай

OPEN DOSSIER ↗
3STAGES1HONEST PINS2NO SINGLE PIN
  1. 01
    Chinese ch’a familyNO SINGLE PIN

    Northern Chinese linguistic horizon

    Vasmer ultimately connects Russian чай through Turkic comparisons to northern Chinese ch’a.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  2. 02
    multiple candidate channelsNO SINGLE PIN

    Turkic-speaking relay networks

    Vasmer names Turkish, Crimean Tatar, Tatar, Kyrgyz, Altai, Uyghur, and Mongolian comparisons rather than one settled path.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  3. 03
    Vasmer dictionary recordregional placement

    Russian-language record

    The etymological dictionary anchors the modern Russian headword and its relay analysis.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
03

WHAT THIS MAP CAN AND CANNOT CLAIM

GEOGRAPHIC HONESTY IS PART OF THE DATA.

REGIONAL

A defensible cultural or linguistic region can be plotted, but the point summarizes an area rather than an exact address.

APPROXIMATE

A reconstructed homeland or contact zone is placed only as a broad visual orientation and uses a distinct dashed marker.

BROAD / GLOBAL

A distributed network, era, or world language has no honest single coordinate. It remains in the sequence and off the map.

TIME BOUNDS

Directly cited stages may carry exact, range, century, circa, open, or before bounds. Unbounded prose stays unparsed.

SOURCE FRONTIER

959 stages have claim-level citations and 578 have defensible numeric bounds. Every uncited or unbounded stage remains visible unfinished work.