Unnumbered source etymology · variant 1/2
Original entry ↗noun
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryThe master of the servants of a household; (historical) the master of a feudal manor · The male head of a household, a father or husband. · The owner of a house, piece of land, or other possession · One possessing similar mastery over others; (historical) any feudal superior generally; any nobleman or aristocrat; any chief, prince, or sovereign ruler; in Scotland, a male member of the lowest rank of nobility (the equivalent rank in England is baron)
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *kʷel-der.? Proto-Germanic *hlaibaz Proto-West Germanic *hlaib Old English hlāf Proto-Indo-European *wert-der. Proto-Germanic *wardaz Proto-West Germanic *ward Old English weard Old English hlāfweard Old English hlāford Middle English lord English lord From Middle English lord and lorde (attested from the 15th century), from earlier (14th century) lourde and other variants which dropped the intervocalic consonant of earlier lowerd, louerd, loverd, laford, and lhoaverd; from Old English hlāford < hlāfweard, a compound of hlāf (“bread”) + weard (“guardian”); see loaf and ward. The term was already being applied broadly prior to the literary development of Old English and was influenced by its common use to translate Latin dominus. Compare Scots laird (“lord”), preserving a separate vowel development (from northern/Scottish Middle English lard, laverd), the Old English compound hlāf-ǣta (“servant”, literally “bread-eater”), and modern English lady, from Old English hlǣfdīġe (“bread-kneader”). The Middle English word laford was borrowed by Icelandic, where it survives as lávarður. Doublet of hlaford and laird.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
This page abbreviates 8 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "ety",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:lord",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *kʷel-der.?\nProto-Germanic *hlaibaz\nProto-West Germanic *hlaib\nOld English hlāf\nProto-Indo-European *wert-der.\nProto-Germanic *wardaz\nProto-West Germanic *ward\nOld English weard\nOld English hlāfweard\nOld English hlāford\nMiddle English lord\nEnglish lord\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*kʷel-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*hlaibaz\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*hlaib\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"hlāf\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" }, { \"gloss\" : \"ward\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"guard\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*wert-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*wardaz\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*ward\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"weard\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"hlāfweard\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"hlāford\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"lord\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"lord\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"lord\">"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "lord"
},
"expansion": "Middle English lord"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hlāford"
},
"expansion": "Old English hlāford"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "laird",
"3": "",
"4": "lord"
},
"expansion": "Scots laird (“lord”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "lard"
},
"expansion": "Middle English lard"
},
{
"name": "doublet",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hlaford",
"3": "laird"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of hlaford and laird"
},
{
"name": "ety",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:lord",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *kʷel-der.?\nProto-Germanic *hlaibaz\nProto-West Germanic *hlaib\nOld English hlāf\nProto-Indo-European *wert-der.\nProto-Germanic *wardaz\nProto-West Germanic *ward\nOld English weard\nOld English hlāfweard\nOld English hlāford\nMiddle English lord\nEnglish lord"
}
],
"links": [
[
"*kʷel-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kʷel-"
],
[
"*hlaibaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hlaibaz#Proto-Germanic:_bread"
],
[
"*hlaib",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/hlaib#Proto-West_Germanic:_bread"
],
[
"hlāf",
"hlaf#Old_English"
],
[
"*wert-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wert-"
],
[
"*wardaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wardaz"
],
[
"*ward",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/ward#Proto-West_Germanic:_guard"
],
[
"weard",
"weard#Old_English"
],
[
"hlāfweard",
"hlafweard#Old_English"
],
[
"hlāford",
"hlaford#Old_English"
],
[
"lord",
"lord#Middle_English"
],
[
"lord",
"lord#Middle_English"
],
[
"lorde",
"lorde#Middle_English"
],
[
"lourde",
"lourde#Middle_English"
],
[
"lowerd",
"lowerd#Middle_English"
],
[
"louerd",
"louerd#Middle_English"
],
[
"loverd",
"loverd#Middle_English"
],
[
"laford",
"laford#Middle_English"
],
[
"lhoaverd",
"lhoaverd#Middle_English"
],
[
"hlāford",
"hlaford#Old_English"
],
[
"hlāfweard",
"hlafweard#Old_English"
],
[
"hlāf",
"hlaf#Old_English"
],
[
"weard",
"weard#Old_English"
],
[
"loaf",
"loaf#English"
],
[
"ward",
"ward#English"
],
[
"dominus",
"dominus#Latin"
],
[
"laird",
"laird#Scots"
],
[
"lard",
"lard#Middle_English"
],
[
"laverd",
"laverd#Middle_English"
],
[
"hlāf-ǣta",
"hlafæta#Old_English"
],
[
"servant",
"servant"
],
[
"bread",
"bread"
],
[
"eater",
"eater"
],
[
"lady",
"lady#English"
],
[
"hlǣfdīġe",
"hlæfdige#Old_English"
],
[
"bread",
"bread"
],
[
"kneader",
"kneader"
],
[
"lávarður",
"lávarður#Icelandic"
],
[
"hlaford",
"hlaford#English"
],
[
"laird",
"laird#English"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Belizean Creole",
"lang_code": "bzj",
"word": "laad"
},
{
"lang": "Bengali",
"lang_code": "bn",
"word": "লাট",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "laṭ",
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Hindi",
"lang_code": "hi",
"word": "लाट",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "lāṭ"
}
]
},
{
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "lord",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Faroese",
"lang_code": "fo",
"word": "lordur",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"word": "λόρδος",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "lórdos"
},
{
"lang": "Gullah",
"lang_code": "gul",
"word": "lawd"
},
{
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"word": "lord",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "lord",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Jamaican Creole",
"lang_code": "jam",
"word": "laad"
},
{
"lang": "Pijin",
"lang_code": "pis",
"word": "lod"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "lorde",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"word": "ло́рд",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "lórd"
},
{
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "lȍrd",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "ло̏рд",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"word": "lord",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Torres Strait Creole",
"lang_code": "tcs",
"word": "lod"
},
{
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"word": "lord",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Yiddish",
"lang_code": "yi",
"word": "לאָרד",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "lord"
}
],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "noun",
"glosses": [
"The master of the servants of a household; (historical) the master of a feudal manor",
"The male head of a household, a father or husband.",
"The owner of a house, piece of land, or other possession",
"One possessing similar mastery over others; (historical) any feudal superior generally; any nobleman or aristocrat; any chief, prince, or sovereign ruler; in Scotland, a male member of the lowest rank of nobility (the equivalent rank in England is baron)"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"archaic"
],
"recordId": "0b420a81d9a7b80533ac421d1df692bd6081a9b4162dfb113838facad0fc2aa1",
"rawRecordSha256": "07e9be65c07a0bfdd1c9aaa12c4bcc0217cc456a0b474bf1fa1b4155848784b0",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 183907
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
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"links": 0,
"references": 0,
"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 8,
"glosses": 0
}
}