No older form or uniquely recoverable concrete meaning is promoted beyond the disputed *ḱeh₂d- proposal.
CANONICAL RELATIONSHIP RECORD
COVERAGE LEDGER ↗EDGE / 1232knowledge boundaryboundary
A CLAIM
YOU CAN AUDIT.
A relationship—not a generated explanation. Both endpoints, every editorial field, every citation, and every dossier reuse are preserved below.
*ḱeh₂d-
a proposed base glossed with grief, pain, and hatred
OPEN NODE 1096 ↗DESCENDS FROM→
PARENT / EARLIER FORM / boundaryBeyond secure reconstruction · beyond the disputed Indo-European comparison · hatia old frisian deep boundaryUNKNOWN
No securely accepted earlier ancestor or uniquely recoverable original meaning is known.
OPEN NODE 1261 ↗01
THE COMPLETE RELATIONSHIP
EVERY FIELD, NOT A FAIRY TALE
The graph stops before Old Frisian harm, obstruction, rejection, enemy pursuit, or theological hate is reverse-engineered into one certain prehistoric origin.
No separate chronology note is attached beyond the endpoint date ranges.
SET-U editorial boundary · Anatoly Liberman
boundary — Secure comparison ends inside the Germanic family; the displayed PIE route remains qualified.
reviewed
02
CITATION REGISTER
SOURCES ON THIS EDGE
Hate — definition, etymology, and first known useEtymology note: semantic relations are far from transparent
supportsAUDIT SOURCE ↗ORIGINAL ↗Defines the limit of the deep comparison.
The shortest history of hatred continued and partly concludedQualified conclusion on pursuit and the deeper comparison
supportsAUDIT SOURCE ↗ORIGINAL ↗Supports an explicit endpoint rather than an invented first meaning.
03
EDITORIAL REUSE