The j-conditioned Germanic stem accounts for Old English fronting of a to e and the geminate spelling in hettan; the displayed infinitive is a normalized lemma rather than a quoted corpus token.
CANONICAL RELATIONSHIP RECORD
COVERAGE LEDGER ↗EDGE / 1114inheritanceprobable
A CLAIM
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A relationship—not a generated explanation. Both endpoints, every editorial field, every citation, and every dossier reuse are preserved below.
hettan
a lexicographic weak-verb lemma associated with hating, attacking, or persecuting
OPEN NODE 1122 ↗DESCENDS FROM→
PARENT / EARLIER FORM / reconstructedProto-Germanic · Proto-Germanic · hate jan verb formation*xatjanan
a reconstructed Germanic weak verb represented by Gothic hatjan, Old English hettan, and Middle High German hetzen
OPEN NODE 1123 ↗01
THE COMPLETE RELATIONSHIP
EVERY FIELD, NOT A FAIRY TALE
The compared Germanic verb family ranges across hate, pursuit, attack, and persecution, but the priority of those senses is unresolved.
Proto-Germanic reconstruction into Old English lexical and textual evidence.
Vladimir Orel · Chr. Peeters · Marta Tío Sáenz
probable — The formal Germanic comparison is strong, but the located Old English verbal inventory supplies only hettende and dictionaries disagree on its lemma assignment.
reviewed
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CITATION REGISTER
SOURCES ON THIS EDGE
A Concise Anglo-Saxon Dictionary — hete and related entrieshettende, present participle of hatian
challengesAUDIT SOURCE ↗ORIGINAL ↗Assigns the same surface form to the sibling lemma hatian rather than hettan.
A Handbook of Germanic Etymology — *xataz, *xatjanan, and *xatōjananp. 203, *xatjanan: Gothic hatjan, Old English hettan, Middle High German hetzen
supportsAUDIT SOURCE ↗ORIGINAL ↗Publishes the comparative weak verb and the three branch forms.
HETTAN; HETTEND — An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary, Dictionary HHETTAN cross-reference and HETTEND entry
contextAUDIT SOURCE ↗ORIGINAL ↗Recognizes the lemma while routing the surviving forms through the enemy entry.
The Lemmatisation of Old English Weak Verbs on a Relational Databasep. 255, hettan: hettende
supportsAUDIT SOURCE ↗ORIGINAL ↗The full-corpus lemmatisation inventory assigns the one located form to hettan.
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EDITORIAL REUSE