Hate — definition, etymology, and first known use
Publishes the PIE proposal with an explicit qualification.
Noun etymology and semantic note- AUTHOR / EDITOR
- Merriam-Webster Editors
- YEAR
- 2026
- PUBLISHER
- Merriam-Webster
PERMANENT DISPUTE RECORD
ALL DISPUTES ↗One scholarly question. Every attached source. The present editorial state, without pretending the last word has been written.
Only probably. The formal comparison is published, but the grief, care, mourning, love, and hatred meanings do not form a transparent sequence and some proposed cognates may not belong together.
/ˈhe.te/ · Old English masculine noun
An attested Old English noun for hate, enmity, malice, spite, hostility, and persecution, productive in compounds and securely aligned with the Germanic hate family; whether Middle English hate directly continues it remains disputed, and the proposed deeper Indo-European route remains semantically opaque.
DIRECT CLAIM EVIDENCE
A citation is not a vote. Each record says whether the work supports, challenges, contradicts, or contextualizes the position—and identifies the exact locus used.
Publishes the PIE proposal with an explicit qualification.
Noun etymology and semantic noteQuestions semantic unity and candidate membership.
Non-Germanic comparison and conclusionThe reviewed evidence does not yet warrant collapsing the competing or incomplete analyses into one secure answer.