Hate — definition, etymology, and first known use
Publishes the PIE proposal while flagging semantic opacity.
Noun etymology and explanatory note- AUTHOR / EDITOR
- Merriam-Webster Editors
- YEAR
- 2026
- PUBLISHER
- Merriam-Webster
PERMANENT DISPUTE RECORD
ALL DISPUTES ↗One scholarly question. Every attached source. The present editorial state, without pretending the last word has been written.
Only probably. Merriam-Webster publishes the proposal but says the semantic relations among grief, mourning, care, and hatred are far from transparent; Liberman questions whether all proposed non-Germanic cognates belong together.
/ˈheɪtrɪd/ · noun
A Middle English formation built from hate plus the fossilized native condition suffix -rede / -reden, with a secure Germanic hate family but a semantically difficult and explicitly disputed deeper Indo-European proposal.
DIRECT CLAIM EVIDENCE
A citation is not a vote. Each record says whether the work supports, challenges, contradicts, or contextualizes the position—and identifies the exact locus used.
Publishes the PIE proposal while flagging semantic opacity.
Noun etymology and explanatory noteQuestions whether all formal candidates belong together.
Paragraphs on proposed Greek, Celtic, Iranian, and Italic comparisonsThe reviewed evidence does not yet warrant collapsing the competing or incomplete analyses into one secure answer.