*SET-U

PERMANENT DISPUTE RECORD

ALL DISPUTES ↗
CLAIM / COUNTERCLAIM / LIMITRECORD 333

DISPUTE
RECORD.

One scholarly question. Every attached source. The present editorial state, without pretending the last word has been written.

resolvedestablished

Is Finnish kuningas an ancestor of English king?

No. Finnish borrowed the word from Germanic. Its conservative shape is evidence for reconstruction, not a donor on the English lineage.

WORD UNDER REVIEWDISPUTE 333

king

/kɪŋ/ · noun · verb

An inherited English title continuing Old English cyning and reconstructed Germanic *kuninga-, a formation built on the Germanic kin or lineage base.

01

DIRECT CLAIM EVIDENCE

2 SOURCES WITH A STANCE

A citation is not a vote. Each record says whether the work supports, challenges, contradicts, or contextualizes the position—and identifies the exact locus used.

02 / EDITORIAL STATE

THE CURRENT RECORD IS RESOLVED.

CONFIDENCE
established
STATUS
resolved
LEGACY SOURCE SUMMARY
EWA gives the Germanic-to-Finnic borrowing direction; Barber, Beal, and Shaw explain why the Finnish form preserves useful archaic structure.
RESOLUTION NOTE

Finnish is a cited descendant branch from the reconstructed node, never a parent of Old English.