PERMANENT SOURCE RECORD
ALL SOURCES ↗BIBLIOGRAPHIC IDENTITYelectronic-beowulf-180v
SOURCE
RECORD.
One work. Every claim that depends on it. No citation without a consequence you can inspect.
4 PUBLIC LINKS INTO THE GRAPH.
This count excludes duplicate dossier-path citations. Open the claims below to see exactly how the source is used.
digitized primary sourceelectronic-beowulf-180v
Cotton MS Vitellius A XV, folio 180v — Electronic Beowulf facsimile
- AUTHOR / EDITOR
- British Library · Kevin Kiernan, editor
- YEAR
- 2026
- PUBLISHER
- British Library · University of Kentucky College of Arts & Sciences
- DOI
- Not recorded
- SOURCE TYPE
- digitized primary source
- EXTERNAL RECORD
- OPEN ORIGINAL ↗
011
CONTRARIAN TRUTH CLAIMS
RANKED REVEALS THAT CITE THIS SOURCE
RANK 34GRADE Asupports
The Devil entered English as the Enemy—and the enemy was a fossilized hater.
OED’s revised history identifies fiend as an inherited Germanic noun made from the present participle of the hate verb. Old English fēond meant enemy and foe as well as Devil; OED explains Satan as the ultimate Enemy and marks the literal enemy sense obsolete after the medieval period. Cotton MS Vitellius A XV still visibly preserves feondes in a concrete foe’s-footprint scene at Beowulf 2289.
*peh₁-
*peh₁- → *fi(j)ēn- → *fi(j)and- → fēond
Cotton MS Vitellius A XV fol. 180vProvides the directly inspected feondes footprint witness.
fēond dossier ↗truth record ↗89UNVEILING
021
SCHOLARLY DISAGREEMENT
DISPUTE POSITIONS THAT CITE THIS SOURCE
resolvedsupportsestablished
Does Beowulf 2289 show a demon sense?
No. The directly inspected folio preserves feondes fotlast in a scene where the dragon finds the foe’s footprint. The pixels establish the form and local context, not the entire lexeme.
Folio 180v, visible feondes fotlast sequenceProvides the directly inspected manuscript object.
030
CANONICAL RELATIONSHIP CLAIMS
EDGES THAT CITE THIS SOURCE
No canonical ancestry edge currently cites this source.
041
LEXICAL ATTESTATIONS
WITNESSES REPORTED BY THIS SOURCE
fēondINSPECTED
fēond
Beowulf manuscript, foe’s footprint
OPEN WITNESS 333 ↗050
COMPARATIVE EVIDENCE
COGNATES, DESCENDANTS, AND RELATIVES
No comparative-relative record currently cites this source.
061
GEOGRAPHIC AND TEMPORAL CLAIMS
JOURNEY STAGES THAT CITE THIS SOURCE
stage 4supports
England, copying place unresolved
Supplies the directly inspected manuscript image.
Folio 180v, line containing feondes fotlast · broad070
NON-GENEALOGICAL CONNECTIONS
HISTORICAL CONTEXT, KEPT SEPARATE
No non-genealogical context link currently cites this source.
081
WORD-FAMILY REUSE