Borrowed from Latin physica .
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WIKTIONARY VIA KAIKKI / WIKTEXTRACT
Imported dictionary evidence
These are source reports, not reviewed *SET-U ancestry. A list of templates or numbered etymologies is not an ancestor chain. Scholarly disagreements remain in the original source text.
35,981 English word records · 45,491 etymology sections in this online subset
PARTIAL ENGLISH COVERAGE · FULL CORPUS REMAINS LOCALNo exact match for “physica” in this partial English subset. That does not mean the full research corpus—or linguistic scholarship—has no record. Check the original dictionary entry ↗
INDEPENDENT SOURCE LIBRARY
More sources for this spelling
These are spelling matches, not a claim of identical senses or agreement. Historical accounts retain their own editions and limits; none is automatically promoted into reviewed ancestry.
Lewis’s Elementary Latin Dictionary
1890 American Book Company edition; pinned Perseus XML digitizationphysica
This word is outside the curated dossier collection. Here is the dictionary’s etymology, with its language and revision preserved. These claims have not yet passed *SET-U’s graph review.
Borrowed from Ancient Greek φῠσῐκή ( phŭsĭkḗ ) .
Read the complete entry and references ↗ · Contribute a cited dossier
013
MODERN ENTRY POINTS
WORD DOSSIERS
verbcontrarian claim
calculate
To determine mathematically or estimate, borrowed from a Latin family built around counting with pebbles.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗nouncontrarian claim
candor
Frankness or honest expression, historically a word for brightness, radiance, whiteness, and unstained purity.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗German weak verbcontrarian claim
hetzen
A German weak verb whose modern senses range from driving or hunting quarry, through hurrying, to inciting hostility. The medieval record centers on setting dogs after game and already extends the action to turning people against one another. Comparative sources connect the verb with Old English hettan and Gothic hatjan, but the Old High German bridge and the exact prehistoric formation remain editorially disputed.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗020
ATTESTED / RECONSTRUCTED / BOUNDARY
HISTORICAL FORMS
No reviewed record in this collection contains “physica.” Absence describes this graph, not all of linguistic scholarship.
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WHERE INTERPRETATION IS TESTED
CLAIMS & DISPUTES
SCHOLARLY DISPUTES / 9
openprobableposition text
Does the etymology prove one exact moment when low became morally humble?
No. The lexical formation is secure, but the sources do not date a single physical-to-social-to-moral transition.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Did candid always mean honest?
No. The first reported English sense is white; clear, pure, fair, honest, frank, and photographic senses develop later.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Are A, B, and Carolinus witnesses separate lexical usage events?
They are separate surviving manuscript tokens, but duplicate witnesses of one passage cannot be counted as independent acts of historical usage.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Does the Beowulf quotation prove the first use of friend?
No. It is one source-reported Old English textual witness, not a birth certificate for the word or its earliest surviving physical token.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Does current hassen ordinarily mean physically persecute?
No. Duden’s current meanings center hatred and strong aversion. Pursuit and persecution belong to the historical semantic account, not a requirement of the current standard verb.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Was humility originally a positive moral virtue?
Not in every recorded Latin sense. Classical humilitās names physical lowness and low stature, then low rank, insignificance, meanness, or abjectness. Lewis and Short separately marks the good sense opposed to pride as ecclesiastical Latin.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Is regular unrelated to a physical ruler?
No. Its Late Latin adjective descends from rēgula, whose older semantic range includes a bar, rod, or straightedge.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Was rule always only an abstract command?
No. Latin rēgula meant a straightedge or ruler as well as a rule, and the physical measuring sense survives in English.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Does Iliad 1.445 prove the first use of κῆδος?
No. It proves a line in a modern digital critical text and an ancient textual tradition, not the earliest surviving physical token or the word's invention.
CONTRARIAN TRUTHS / 2
RANK 4GRADE Aranked reveal
Humility is an earth-and-lowness metaphor.
Latin humus “ground” produced humilis “low,” then humilitās “lowness,” before the moral virtue.
RANK 5GRADE Aranked reveal
Calculation began with a pebble in the hand.
Latin calculus was a small stone used for reckoning before calculation became abstract.
040
BOOKS / DICTIONARIES / ARTICLES / DATABASES
SOURCES
No reviewed record in this collection contains “physica.” Absence describes this graph, not all of linguistic scholarship.
050
FIRST USES & HISTORICAL OBJECTS
ATTESTATION WITNESSES
No reviewed record in this collection contains “physica.” Absence describes this graph, not all of linguistic scholarship.
06
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