GRAPH-WIDE SEARCH
MEASURE THE GRAPH ↗NOT JUST A DICTIONARY LOOKUP
6 EVIDENCE COLLECTIONSSEARCH
THE GRAPH.
Find a modern word—or search sideways through reconstructed roots, historical forms, meanings, languages, scholars, sources, claims, disputes, and witnesses.
WIKTIONARY VIA KAIKKI / WIKTEXTRACT
Imported dictionary evidence
These are source reports, not reviewed *SET-U ancestry. A list of templates or numbered etymologies is not an ancestor chain. Scholarly disagreements remain in the original source text.
35,981 English word records · 45,491 etymology sections in this online subset
PARTIAL ENGLISH COVERAGE · FULL CORPUS REMAINS LOCAL2 source sections across 1 headword matching “comes”. These are separate from the reviewed results below.
comesEnglish (en) · Etymology 1Source text
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Original Wiktionary entry and references ↗comesEnglish (en) · Etymology 2Source text
Borrowed from Latin comes (“a companion”). Doublet of comte, conte, and count.
Original Wiktionary entry and references ↗INDEPENDENT SOURCE LIBRARY
More sources for this spelling
These are spelling matches, not a claim of identical senses or agreement. Historical accounts retain their own editions and limits; none is automatically promoted into reviewed ancestry.
Lewis’s Elementary Latin Dictionary
1890 American Book Company edition; pinned Perseus XML digitization015
MODERN ENTRY POINTS
WORD DOSSIERS
nouncontrarian claim
bayou
English bayou, recorded by 1763, came from Louisiana French bayouque. An early Choctaw *bayok is a plausible proposed source, but the historical form and its alleged contraction to modern bók are not securely attested.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗noun and verbcontrarian claim
figure
A shape, representation, symbol, number, person, or act of calculation; borrowed through French from Latin figūra, form or shape.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗nouncontrarian claim
hatred
A Middle English formation built from hate plus the fossilized native condition suffix -rede / -reden, with a secure Germanic hate family but a semantically difficult and explicitly disputed deeper Indo-European proposal.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗noun and adjectivecontrarian claim
male
A sex-class term borrowed through Anglo-French from Latin masculus, a diminutive formation on mās.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗nouncontrarian claim
rēx
The Latin third-declension noun for a king, ruler, chief, or leader, cited as rēx, rēgis and built on the bound stem rēg-.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗020
ATTESTED / RECONSTRUCTED / BOUNDARY
HISTORICAL FORMS
No reviewed record in this collection contains “comes.” Absence describes this graph, not all of linguistic scholarship.
0323
WHERE INTERPRETATION IS TESTED
CLAIMS & DISPUTES
SCHOLARLY DISPUTES / 12
openproposedposition text
Is the exact history of -ræden reducible to either ready or read?
The condition element is secure, and American Heritage assigns it through Germanic *rēdan to PIE *rē-dh-. But Merriam-Webster notes that Old English evidence can reflect a probable relationship to geræde “ready,” older analysis through rædan “advise,” and partial merger with ræding; Germanic *raidja- and *rēd- outcomes can be difficult to separate.
openproposedposition text
Is the deeper origin of wīb securely known?
No. Duden labels the origin unclear and offers a veiled bride or busy housewife interpretation only as possibilities.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Did every Germanic cognate preserve the same semantic history?
No. German Feind remains an ordinary enemy noun, English fiend foregrounds demon and vicious-person senses, and Old Norse is glossed enemy or devil. Shared ancestry does not erase branch-specific semantics.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Was candor originally frankness?
Not exclusively. Its earliest English family includes brightness and unstained purity; straightforward honesty becomes the dominant modern sense.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Was the relation or kinsman sense absent from Old English?
No. OED cites the Rushworth Gospels and Laws of Cnut under close relation or kinsman. The sense later becomes regionally restricted in English but is attested in Old English.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Are the suspended-bed and terrain senses of hammock one word?
No in the reviewed dictionary. The suspended bed comes from Spanish hamaca from Taíno; the southern U.S. terrain sense is tied to earlier English forms and a Germanic comparison.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Does textual opposition between love and hatr prove shared ancestry?
No. The Time gráts ok látrs, time ælsko ok hatrs passage aligns love and hate semantically, but opposition inside a sentence is not a genealogical edge.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Did hospital originally mean a medical institution?
No. The earliest English senses concern lodging for travelers and charitable residence; medical care becomes established later.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Is hotel directly shortened from hospital?
No. Hotel and hospital are doublets: both reach Latin hospitāle, but hotel comes through French hôtel and Old French hostel while hospital comes through Anglo-French hospital.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Is English law the source of legal—or vice versa?
No. Law comes through Old English lagu from Scandinavian; legal comes through Anglo-French and Latin legalis from lēx. Their shared modern subject matter is not an immediate genealogical relationship.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Does male come from mal-, bad?
No. Male comes through French from Latin masculus and mās; mal- comes from a different Latin family headed by malus, bad.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Do male and female share one historical root?
No. They have different Latin ancestries. Their modern visual pairing comes partly from male reshaping female’s English spelling.
CONTRARIAN TRUTHS / 11
RANK 10GRADE Aranked reveal
Andean neighbors need not be linguistic cousins.
Alpaca comes from Aymara while llama comes from Quechua: the words travel through Spanish from different families.
RANK 21GRADE Acontrarian claim
King comes from the kin family; kin does not come from king.
English kin independently continues Old English cynn and Germanic *kunja-. The royal title is a separate suffixed formation on that lineage base, so the shared letters preserve real morphology without making either modern word the parent of the other.
RANK 22GRADE Aranked reveal
Kind is not kin with a d—and kindness did not begin as niceness.
Kind and kin descend through separate Germanic formations and meet only at the deeper birth root. The adjective first carries natural, native, fitting, and proper senses; benevolence becomes prominent through later semantic development.
RANK 35GRADE Aranked reveal
A fiend was an enemy before it was a demon.
OED’s revised history starts with enemy or foe and explains the Devil as the ultimate Enemy. The English noun continues Old English fēond, itself inherited from a Germanic lexicalized one-who-hates formation. Middle English then preserves enemy, Satan, demon, possession, and monster senses together before the literal enemy sense becomes obsolete.
RANK 69GRADE Aranked reveal
Your bank check began as a threat to a king.
Persian šāh becomes a chess warning, French eschec, and English check. Stop and restraint later produce verification and the anti-forgery counterfoil behind the bank draft.
RANK 133GRADE Aranked reveal
Fiction is historically something shaped.
Latin fictiō names shaping or molding, feigning, and pretense before English literary narrative becomes one major center.
RANK 183GRADE A−ranked reveal
Law and legal are semantic twins, not direct relatives.
Law comes from Scandinavian “what is laid down”; legal comes from Latin lēx. Only a possible, explicitly uncertain prehistoric route may reconnect them.
RANK 189GRADE Aranked reveal
Candor was radiance before frankness.
Latin candor and the earliest English family name brightness, whiteness, or unstained purity before modern honest expression becomes dominant.
RANK 197GRADE A−ranked reveal
Legible belongs to gathering and reading.
Late Latin legibilis means able to be read and comes from legere, the Latin gather, select, and read family.
RANK 200GRADE A-ranked reveal
The recreation word is a retained Indigenous Arctic boat name.
English kayak comes from Inuit qayaq. The broad source label is real evidence; assigning one exact Inuit donor variety would go beyond it.
RANK 201GRADE A−ranked reveal
Chess may be a fossilized plural.
English chess comes through French plural game or piece forms. Its deeper route remains contested between the king-call šāh family and the traveling game-name šatranj.
040
BOOKS / DICTIONARIES / ARTICLES / DATABASES
SOURCES
No reviewed record in this collection contains “comes.” Absence describes this graph, not all of linguistic scholarship.
050
FIRST USES & HISTORICAL OBJECTS
ATTESTATION WITNESSES
No reviewed record in this collection contains “comes.” Absence describes this graph, not all of linguistic scholarship.
06
SEARCH IS DISCOVERY, NOT PROOF
EVERY RESULT OPENS A PERMANENT EVIDENCE RECORD.
Matching text only locates a record. It does not raise confidence, settle a dispute, establish cognacy, or turn a source report into direct inspection. Follow the result into its citations and editorial limits.