From Proto-Tocharian * ās(ä) , but uncertain from there. Possibly borrowed from a Middle Persian language. Compare Tocharian B ās ( “ she-goat ” ) .
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WIKTIONARY VIA KAIKKI / WIKTEXTRACT
Imported dictionary evidence
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35,981 English word records · 45,491 etymology sections in this online subset
PARTIAL ENGLISH COVERAGE · FULL CORPUS REMAINS LOCALNo exact match for “ās” in this partial English subset. That does not mean the full research corpus—or linguistic scholarship—has no record. Check the original dictionary entry ↗
INDEPENDENT SOURCE LIBRARY
More sources for this spelling
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Lewis’s Elementary Latin Dictionary
1890 American Book Company edition; pinned Perseus XML digitizationās
This word is outside the curated dossier collection. Here is the dictionary’s etymology, with its language and revision preserved. These claims have not yet passed *SET-U’s graph review.
From Proto-Tocharian * ās(ä) , but uncertain from there. Possibly borrowed from a Middle Persian language. Compare Tocharian A ās ( “ goat ” ) .
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013
MODERN ENTRY POINTS
WORD DOSSIERS
nounhistorical form
hospitality
The reception and care of guests, inherited through French from the Latin reciprocal host-and-guest family.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗nouncontrarian claim
humility
Freedom from pride or arrogance; the quality or condition of being humble.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗noun and adjectivecontrarian claim
male
A sex-class term borrowed through Anglo-French from Latin masculus, a diminutive formation on mās.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗025
ATTESTED / RECONSTRUCTED / BOUNDARY
HISTORICAL FORMS
●
Latin / Indo-European
hospitālitās
entertainment or reception of guests
- DATE
- Latin antiquity
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 1
Late Latin / Indo-European
humilitās
lowness in a positive moral sense; humility opposed to pride
- DATE
- Ecclesiastical Latin
- MATCH
- transliteration
- DOSSIERS
- 1
Latin / Indo-European
humilitās
literal low height or stature; low rank, insignificance, meanness, or abjectness
- DATE
- Classical Latin
- MATCH
- transliteration
- DOSSIERS
- 1
Latin / Indo-European
mās
male
- DATE
- Latin
- MATCH
- transliteration
- DOSSIERS
- 1
Beyond secure reconstruction
UNKNOWN
No securely promoted ancestor is currently known beyond Latin mās in this dossier.
- DATE
- before the reviewed Latin mās horizon
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 1
035
WHERE INTERPRETATION IS TESTED
CLAIMS & DISPUTES
SCHOLARLY DISPUTES / 2
resolvedestablishedposition text
Was humility originally a positive moral virtue?
Not in every recorded Latin sense. Classical humilitās names physical lowness and low stature, then low rank, insignificance, meanness, or abjectness. Lewis and Short separately marks the good sense opposed to pride as ecclesiastical Latin.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Does male come from mal-, bad?
No. Male comes through French from Latin masculus and mās; mal- comes from a different Latin family headed by malus, bad.
CONTRARIAN TRUTHS / 3
RANK 4GRADE Aranked reveal
Humility is an earth-and-lowness metaphor.
Latin humus “ground” produced humilis “low,” then humilitās “lowness,” before the moral virtue.
RANK 115GRADE Aranked reveal
Male is not mal-, bad.
Male descends through Anglo-French masle from Latin masculus and mās; the bad prefix mal- belongs to Latin malus.
RANK 160GRADE Aranked reveal
Hospitality contains both host and guest.
Latin hospes could name either participant in reciprocal hospitality; the modern practice descends from a relationship, not just the host's action.
040
BOOKS / DICTIONARIES / ARTICLES / DATABASES
SOURCES
No reviewed record in this collection contains “ās.” Absence describes this graph, not all of linguistic scholarship.
050
FIRST USES & HISTORICAL OBJECTS
ATTESTATION WITNESSES
No reviewed record in this collection contains “ās.” Absence describes this graph, not all of linguistic scholarship.
06
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