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WIKTIONARY VIA KAIKKI / WIKTEXTRACT
Imported dictionary evidence
These are source reports, not reviewed *SET-U ancestry. A list of templates or numbered etymologies is not an ancestor chain. Scholarly disagreements remain in the original source text.
35,981 English word records · 45,491 etymology sections in this online subset
PARTIAL ENGLISH COVERAGE · FULL CORPUS REMAINS LOCAL2 source sections across 1 headword matching “Model”. These are separate from the reviewed results below.
modelEnglish (en) · Unnumbered etymologySource text
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *med- Proto-Indo-European *-os Proto-Indo-European *médos Proto-Italic *medos Latin modus Proto-Indo-European *-lós Proto-Indo-European *-elós Proto-Italic *-elos Latin -ulus Late Latin modulusder. Vulgar Latin *modellus Old Italian modellobor. Middle French modellebor. English model From Middle French modelle, from Old Italian modello, from Vulgar Latin *modellus, diminutive form of modulus (“measure, standard”), diminutive of modus (“measure”); see mode, and compare module, modulus, mould, mold.
Original Wiktionary entry and references ↗modelEnglish (en) · Unnumbered etymologySource text
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *med- Proto-Indo-European *-os Proto-Indo-European *médos Proto-Italic *medos Latin modus Proto-Indo-European *-lós Proto-Indo-European *-elós Proto-Italic *-elos Latin -ulus Late Latin modulusder. Vulgar Latin *modellus Old Italian modellobor. Middle French modellebor. English model From Middle French modelle, from Old Italian modello, from Vulgar Latin *modellus, diminutive form of modulus (“measure, standard”), diminutive of modus (“measure”); see mode, and compare module, modulus, mould, mold.
Original Wiktionary entry and references ↗INDEPENDENT SOURCE LIBRARY
More sources for this spelling
These are spelling matches, not a claim of identical senses or agreement. Historical accounts retain their own editions and limits; none is automatically promoted into reviewed ancestry.
Browse the independently attributed sources →015
MODERN ENTRY POINTS
WORD DOSSIERS
noundossier summary
bridegroom
A man about to be or recently married; remodeled from bridegome after the older man-word gome became opaque.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗noundossier summary
disaster
A catastrophe whose name preserves an astrological model of misfortune: an unfavorable star.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗noun and adjectivedossier summary
female
A sex-class term borrowed through French from Latin fēmella, a diminutive of fēmina, with its English spelling later remodeled under male.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗noun · verbdossier summary
hate
An inherited Germanic hostility word whose English noun and verb histories converge imperfectly: Old English preserves both hete and hatian, Middle English may have remodeled the noun from the verb, and the proposed deeper Indo-European family remains semantically opaque.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗Gothic neuter nouncontrarian claim
hatis
A Gothic noun conventionally glossed hate, hatred, anger, or wrath. Project Wulfila reports fifteen corpus tokens in three surface forms: hatis, hatiza, and hatize. Its fourteen biblical tokens translate Greek wrath vocabulary rather than supplying a clean mirror of modern personal dislike: Streitberg maps the family chiefly to orgē, assigns Galatians 5:20 to thumos, and leaves Ephesians 4:31 unresolved because both Greek nouns stand together. The visible Gothic paradigm is also historical evidence: Project Wulfila treats hatis as a neuter a-stem, while Fulk analyzes it as an inherited i-stem transferred to the a-stems.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗020
ATTESTED / RECONSTRUCTED / BOUNDARY
HISTORICAL FORMS
No reviewed record in this collection contains “model.” Absence describes this graph, not all of linguistic scholarship.
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WHERE INTERPRETATION IS TESTED
CLAIMS & DISPUTES
SCHOLARLY DISPUTES / 12
openprobableposition text
Can the exact Proto-Germanic pronunciation and path into fīēn be recovered?
Not completely. Optional j, vowel quantity, stem remodeling, and daughter inflection belong to comparative analysis rather than a recorded transition.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Did the 1996 reform create the word Hass?
No. Duden reports a spelling change; the noun continues Old and Middle High German haʒ and centuries of New High German Haß or hasz.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Was the second element of bridegroom always groom?
No. The inherited form had guma or gome, man; groom replaced the opaque element by folk etymology.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Are love and hate merely two modern search results rather than one lexicographic headword?
No. eDIL places both explanations, glossary equations, and citations inside headword 1 cais, also caise.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Is clue borrowed from Greek?
No. Greek myth influenced the English word’s meaning; the word itself is inherited from Old English.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Did fiend originally mean demon?
No. OED records enemy or foe from Old English to 1450 and explains the Devil as a specific use of enemy as the ultimate adversary.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Did the Devil sense immediately replace the enemy sense?
No. Enemy or foe remains recorded into the fifteenth century while Devil, demon, monster, and other senses coexist through the Middle English record.
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Did fijan denote only an inward feeling?
No. Ayora Estevan analyzes it as an experience verb whose Experiencer takes a Stimulus as accusative object. Surviving objects include people, one’s soul, one’s flesh, evils, and what one does, so the grammar encodes a relation toward an object rather than a free-floating feeling alone.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Can fjende refer only to people?
No. Historical and current records apply it to states, military forces, animals, ideologies, weather, sleep, passions, and other harmful abstractions.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Are fēogan and feón separate hate verbs?
No secure split is modeled. Bosworth–Toller links feón directly as a similar entry and the full paradigm lists feón among fēogan’s contracted variants.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Do fēond, fīond, fīend, and fȳnd name separate words?
No. OED explains unmutated dialect forms and i-mutated inflectional forms inside one inherited paradigm, with later analogical remodeling.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Did fīēn have one perfectly identical meaning in every record?
No. AWB separates hate, not love, or be hostile from abhor or reject, and the Latin alignments vary among odire, exosus, and detestari.
CONTRARIAN TRUTHS / 2
RANK 30GRADE Aranked reveal
Gothic hatis—the noun related to English hate—survives chiefly as wrath, including the wrath to come and the wrath of God.
Project Wulfila reports fifteen tokens in hatis, hatiza, and hatize. Fourteen are biblical; Streitberg maps the family chiefly to Greek orgē, gives Galatians 5:20 thumos, and flags Ephesians 4:31 because both stand together. Codex Argenteus folio 129r directly preserves hatiza in “the wrath to come.” Even the paradigm resists simplification: synchronic neuter a-stem, historically an i-stem remodeled into it.
RANK 114GRADE Aranked reveal
Male changed female’s spelling, not its ancestry.
Female descends from Latin fēmella and fēmina through French; later English speakers remodeled its spelling under male.
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BOOKS / DICTIONARIES / ARTICLES / DATABASES
SOURCES
No reviewed record in this collection contains “model.” Absence describes this graph, not all of linguistic scholarship.
050
FIRST USES & HISTORICAL OBJECTS
ATTESTATION WITNESSES
No reviewed record in this collection contains “model.” Absence describes this graph, not all of linguistic scholarship.
06
SEARCH IS DISCOVERY, NOT PROOF
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