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WIKTIONARY VIA KAIKKI / WIKTEXTRACT
Imported dictionary evidence
These are source reports, not reviewed *SET-U ancestry. A list of templates or numbered etymologies is not an ancestor chain. Scholarly disagreements remain in the original source text.
35,981 English word records · 45,491 etymology sections in this online subset
PARTIAL ENGLISH COVERAGE · FULL CORPUS REMAINS LOCALNo exact match for “Jud” in this partial English subset. That does not mean the full research corpus—or linguistic scholarship—has no record. Check the original dictionary entry ↗
INDEPENDENT SOURCE LIBRARY
More sources for this spelling
These are spelling matches, not a claim of identical senses or agreement. Historical accounts retain their own editions and limits; none is automatically promoted into reviewed ancestry.
Browse the independently attributed sources →Jud
No extractable etymology was found for this exact spelling. Open the original dictionary entry ↗
Read the complete entry and references ↗ · Contribute a cited dossier
013
MODERN ENTRY POINTS
WORD DOSSIERS
noun · verbhistorical form
clue
A fact that guides discovery—once literally a ball of thread.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗nouncontrarian claim
conscience
The moral sense or awareness of one's conduct, inherited through medieval French from the Latin knowing-family.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗adjectivedossier summary
intelligent
Having or showing understanding, judgment, or mental capacity; borrowed from the Latin participle of intellegere.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗023
ATTESTED / RECONSTRUCTED / BOUNDARY
HISTORICAL FORMS
●
Present-Day English / Indo-European
conscience
awareness of right and wrong; moral judgment; historically also consciousness or awareness
- DATE
- 13th century–today
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 1
Present-Day English / Indo-European
intelligent
having or showing understanding, judgment, or mental capacity; later also computer-guided
- DATE
- circa 1540–today
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 1
Beyond secure reconstruction
UNKNOWN
Remote ancestry withheld pending adjudication.
- DATE
- deeper Germanic prehistory
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 1
037
WHERE INTERPRETATION IS TESTED
CLAIMS & DISPUTES
SCHOLARLY DISPUTES / 5
openprobableposition text
Can the exact change from fiende to fjende be dated to one event?
No. The records show overlapping spellings, syllable patterns, and editorial judgments rather than one recoverable switch.
openproposedposition text
Was hatan inherited unchanged from Proto-Germanic?
Possibly, not securely. Orel publishes *xatēnan ~ *xatōjanan behind a Germanic cognate set. Sturtevant instead judges a specifically Gothic secondary origin more probable, and Braune records fluctuation with hatjan.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Did conscience always mean only a moral judge?
No. Moral awareness is early and central, but the Latin family and an obsolete English sense also include consciousness or general awareness.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Did right begin only as a moral judgment?
No. The reviewed history joins straight, correct, just, proper, and directional senses inside one inherited family.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Was Old High German wīb already the modern German insult?
The sources do not license that projection. Duden marks modern Weib increasingly discriminatory, while Old High German records preserve wīb in ordinary old-woman and married-woman expressions.
CONTRARIAN TRUTHS / 2
RANK 26GRADE Aranked reveal
Old English hated vices and deeds as well as people.
Bosworth–Toller’s Pastoral Care examples make conduct grammatical: rulers hate their subjects’ vices, and the text distinguishes loving what enemies are from hating what they do. The historical verb therefore records directed moral and hostile judgment, not only an inward emotion label.
RANK 166GRADE Acontrarian claim
Conscience was not always only the moral judge.
The word's recorded family also includes consciousness and awareness. Moral self-judgment became central inside a wider history of knowing.
040
BOOKS / DICTIONARIES / ARTICLES / DATABASES
SOURCES
No reviewed record in this collection contains “jud.” Absence describes this graph, not all of linguistic scholarship.
051
FIRST USES & HISTORICAL OBJECTS
ATTESTATION WITNESSES
06
SEARCH IS DISCOVERY, NOT PROOF
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