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WIKTIONARY VIA KAIKKI / WIKTEXTRACT
Imported dictionary evidence
These are source reports, not reviewed *SET-U ancestry. A list of templates or numbered etymologies is not an ancestor chain. Scholarly disagreements remain in the original source text.
35,981 English word records · 45,491 etymology sections in this online subset
PARTIAL ENGLISH COVERAGE · FULL CORPUS REMAINS LOCAL1 source section across 1 headword matching “Dwell”. These are separate from the reviewed results below.
dwellEnglish (en) · Unnumbered etymologySource text
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *dʰwel-der. Proto-Germanic *dwalaz Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Germanic *-janą Proto-Germanic *dwaljaną Proto-West Germanic *dwalljan Old English dwellan ▲ Old Norse dveljainflu. Middle English dwellen English dwell From Middle English dwellen (“delay, live, remain, persist”), from Old English dwellan (“to mislead, deceive; be led into error, stray”), from Proto-Germanic *dwaljaną (“to hold up, delay; hesitate”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰwelH- (“to whirl, swirl, blur, obfuscate”), which is cognate with Old Norse dvelja and related to Proto-Germanic *dwelaną (“to go astray”), which underwent semantic change in its descendants. Cognates include Danish dvæle (“to linger, dwell”) and Swedish dväljas (“to dwell, reside”).
Original Wiktionary entry and references ↗INDEPENDENT SOURCE LIBRARY
More sources for this spelling
These are spelling matches, not a claim of identical senses or agreement. Historical accounts retain their own editions and limits; none is automatically promoted into reviewed ancestry.
Browse the independently attributed sources →014
MODERN ENTRY POINTS
WORD DOSSIERS
noundossier summary
hogan
An English borrowing of Navajo hooghan, a home or dwelling term with specific Diné cultural reference.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗nounhistorical form
hostel
A lodging place, especially an inexpensive dormitory-style accommodation, continuing the older hospitality branch shared with hospital and hotel.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗nounhistorical form
husband
A married man in relation to a spouse; borrowed from a Norse compound whose earlier center was householder or master of a house.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗nouncontrarian claim
tipi
One spelling in the English tepee–teepee–tipi family, borrowed from Dakota thípi and built on a Siouan dwelling root.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗0212
ATTESTED / RECONSTRUCTED / BOUNDARY
HISTORICAL FORMS
*
Proto-Siouan / Siouan
*ahtí•
dwell, dwelling, house
- DATE
- Proto-Siouan prehistory
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 1
Proto-Indo-European / Indo-European
*bhōw-
to live; dwell
- DATE
- Proto-Indo-European lengthened o-grade
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 1
Proto-Germanic / Indo-European
*bōwan
to dwell; live
- DATE
- Proto-Germanic
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 1
Proto-Mississippi Valley Siouan / Siouan
*htí
dwell; dwelling root
- DATE
- Proto-Mississippi Valley Siouan
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 1
Proto-Dakota / Siouan
*thí
dwell; dwelling root
- DATE
- Proto-Dakota
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 1
Old Norse / Indo-European
bōndi
householder; dweller
- DATE
- Old Norse
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 1
Old Norse / Indo-European
būa
to dwell; inhabit; prepare
- DATE
- Old Norse
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 1
Present-Day English / Indo-European
hogan
a traditional Diné dwelling; the borrowed English term
- DATE
- 1871–today
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 1
Navajo / Diné bizaad / Na-Dene
hooghan
home, house, dwelling
- DATE
- Navajo historical and modern record
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 1
Middle English / Indo-European
hostel
lodging, accommodation, inn, or dwelling place
- DATE
- Middle English, 14th–15th centuries
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 1
Dakota / Siouan
thí-
to dwell
- DATE
- Dakota historical and modern record
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 1
Dakota / Siouan
thípi
dwelling; the source of English tipi
- DATE
- Dakota historical and modern record
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 1
033
WHERE INTERPRETATION IS TESTED
CLAIMS & DISPUTES
SCHOLARLY DISPUTES / 1
openprobableposition text
Does tipi simply and literally mean “they dwell”?
The reviewed evidence safely derives thípi from a dwelling root; suffix analyses vary in how they label the final morphology, so the dossier promotes “dwelling” rather than one viral literal sentence.
CONTRARIAN TRUTHS / 2
RANK 63GRADE Aranked reveal
Its root is deeper than the English stereotype.
English tipi continues Dakota thípi, built on “dwell,” and the root compares through two intermediate reconstructions to Proto-Siouan *ahtí•.
RANK 65GRADE Aranked reveal
A borrowed word can encode a category that English flattens.
Navajo hooghan means home or house within Diné life; English hogan should not be generalized into a label for any Indigenous dwelling.
041
BOOKS / DICTIONARIES / ARTICLES / DATABASES
SOURCES
050
FIRST USES & HISTORICAL OBJECTS
ATTESTATION WITNESSES
No reviewed record in this collection contains “dwell.” Absence describes this graph, not all of linguistic scholarship.
06
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EVERY RESULT OPENS A PERMANENT EVIDENCE RECORD.
Matching text only locates a record. It does not raise confidence, settle a dispute, establish cognacy, or turn a source report into direct inspection. Follow the result into its citations and editorial limits.