GRAPH-WIDE SEARCH
MEASURE THE GRAPH ↗NOT JUST A DICTIONARY LOOKUP
6 EVIDENCE COLLECTIONSSEARCH
THE GRAPH.
Find a modern word—or search sideways through reconstructed roots, historical forms, meanings, languages, scholars, sources, claims, disputes, and witnesses.
WIKTIONARY VIA KAIKKI / WIKTEXTRACT
Imported dictionary evidence
These are source reports, not reviewed *SET-U ancestry. A list of templates or numbered etymologies is not an ancestor chain. Scholarly disagreements remain in the original source text.
35,981 English word records · 45,491 etymology sections in this online subset
PARTIAL ENGLISH COVERAGE · FULL CORPUS REMAINS LOCAL6 source sections across 2 headwords matching “Dom”. These are separate from the reviewed results below.
DomEnglish (en) · Etymology 1Source text
Shortenings.
Original Wiktionary entry and references ↗DomEnglish (en) · Etymology 2Source text
From Portuguese dom, and its source, Latin dominus.
Original Wiktionary entry and references ↗DomEnglish (en) · Etymology 3Source text
From Hindi [Term?], from Sanskrit डोम (ḍoma). Doublet of Rom.
Original Wiktionary entry and references ↗DomEnglish (en) · Etymology 4Source text
Related to Rom and Lom.
Original Wiktionary entry and references ↗domEnglish (en) · Etymology 1Source text
Clipping of dominance, dominant, dominate, or domination.
Original Wiktionary entry and references ↗domEnglish (en) · Etymology 2Source text
Borrowed from Portuguese dom. Doublet of domine, dominie, dominus, and don.
Original Wiktionary entry and references ↗INDEPENDENT SOURCE LIBRARY
More sources for this spelling
These are spelling matches, not a claim of identical senses or agreement. Historical accounts retain their own editions and limits; none is automatically promoted into reviewed ancestry.
Browse the independently attributed sources →016
MODERN ENTRY POINTS
WORD DOSSIERS
nounhistorical form
alpaca
An English animal and fiber word borrowed through Spanish from Aymara allpaqa / allphaqa.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗English noundossier summary
fiend
An inherited English noun whose earliest recorded sense was enemy or foe, not demon. Old English fēond belonged to a Germanic lexicalized one-who-hates formation; Middle English fẹ̄nd preserved enemy, Satan, demon, possession, and monster senses across extensive spelling variation; modern fiend continues the same English line. OED’s revised 2026 entry marks the literal enemy sense obsolete after the medieval record, explains the Devil as the ultimate Enemy, and documents long-versus-short vowel competition before the long vowel became dominant by the eighteenth century. The Middle English Dictionary independently exposes 188 quotations across eight senses without claiming a complete corpus.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗noundossier summary
humility
Freedom from pride or arrogance; the quality or condition of being humble.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗noundossier summary
man
A human being and, in later dominant use, an adult male human; inherited through Old English mann from the Germanic human-person family.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗nouncontrarian claim
realm
A kingdom, domain, or sphere; inherited through Middle English realme and Old French material ultimately from Latin regimen.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗adjectivedossier summary
royal
Of a monarch, crown, or kingdom; borrowed through Anglo-French from Latin rēgālis and rēx.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗026
ATTESTED / RECONSTRUCTED / BOUNDARY
HISTORICAL FORMS
●
Present-Day English / Indo-European
alpaca
the domesticated camelid; its fiber or cloth
- DATE
- 1747–today
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 1
Present-Day English / Indo-European
humility
freedom from pride or arrogance; the quality or state of being humble
- DATE
- 14th century–today
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 1
Present-Day English / Indo-European
realm
kingdom, domain, or sphere
- DATE
- 13th century–today
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 1
Middle English / Indo-European
realme
kingdom, governed domain
- DATE
- Middle English
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 1
Old French / Indo-European
reiame
kingdom, government
- DATE
- Old French
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 1
Present-Day English / Indo-European
royal
of a monarch, crown, or kingdom
- DATE
- 14th century–today
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 1
039
WHERE INTERPRETATION IS TESTED
CLAIMS & DISPUTES
SCHOLARLY DISPUTES / 7
resolvedestablishedposition text
Was candor originally frankness?
Not exclusively. Its earliest English family includes brightness and unstained purity; straightforward honesty becomes the dominant modern sense.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Does the spelling fiend preserve one unchanged pronunciation?
No. OED reports coexisting long and short vowels in Middle and early modern English and says the long vowel became dominant by the eighteenth century.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Did every Germanic daughter develop a dominant demon sense?
No. Old Norse retains ordinary enemy and multiple supernatural branches, English foregrounds fiend, while German Feind and Swedish fiende remain ordinary enemy nouns.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Was the ordinary friend sense completely absent in Old Norse?
No. ONP explicitly structures a friend sense and a foster-brother or companion sense, even though historical dictionaries emphasize the dominance of kinsman.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Can the six-hit result measure ordinary medieval speech?
No. Corpus Oudfries is a surviving-text corpus dominated by legal and related manuscripts, not a random sample or recording of spoken frequency.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Is the ordinary Old Norse noun hatr neuter?
Yes in the dominant edited record. ONP’s main entry is ²hatr sb. n., gives genitive hatrs, and contains 54 citations; Cleasby and Vigfússon also label the noun neuter.
resolvedestablishedposition text
Did realm always mean any abstract sphere?
No. Its oldest reported English horizon is kingdom; sphere, domain, and biogeographic meanings are extensions.
CONTRARIAN TRUTHS / 2
RANK 188GRADE Aranked reveal
A clue was a ball of thread.
The literal clew could guide someone through a maze; only later did clue become the dominant spelling for evidence that guides reasoning.
RANK 189GRADE Aranked reveal
Candor was radiance before frankness.
Latin candor and the earliest English family name brightness, whiteness, or unstained purity before modern honest expression becomes dominant.
041
BOOKS / DICTIONARIES / ARTICLES / DATABASES
SOURCES
051
FIRST USES & HISTORICAL OBJECTS
ATTESTATION WITNESSES
06
SEARCH IS DISCOVERY, NOT PROOF
EVERY RESULT OPENS A PERMANENT EVIDENCE RECORD.
Matching text only locates a record. It does not raise confidence, settle a dispute, establish cognacy, or turn a source report into direct inspection. Follow the result into its citations and editorial limits.