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WIKTIONARY VIA KAIKKI / WIKTEXTRACT
Imported dictionary evidence
These are source reports, not reviewed *SET-U ancestry. A list of templates or numbered etymologies is not an ancestor chain. Scholarly disagreements remain in the original source text.
35,981 English word records · 45,491 etymology sections in this online subset
PARTIAL ENGLISH COVERAGE · FULL CORPUS REMAINS LOCAL3 source sections across 1 headword matching “Affect”. These are separate from the reviewed results below.
affectEnglish (en) · Etymology 1Source text
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd Proto-Italic *ad Proto-Italic *ad- Latin ad- Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁- Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁k- Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *dʰh₁kyéti Proto-Italic *θakjō Proto-Italic *fakjō Latin faciō Latin afficiō Proto-Indo-European *-tós Proto-Italic *-tos Latin -tus Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu. Proto-Italic *-ājō Proto-Italic *-āō Latin -ō Latin -tō Latin affectō Latin affectāreder. Middle English affecten English affect From Middle English affecten, from Latin affectāre, from Latin affectus, the participle stem of Latin afficere (“to act upon, influence, affect, attack with disease”), from ad- + facere (“to make, do”). By surface analysis, af- + Latin -fect.
Original Wiktionary entry and references ↗affectEnglish (en) · Etymology 2Source text
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd Proto-Italic *ad Proto-Italic *ad- Latin ad- Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁- Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁k- Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *dʰh₁kyéti Proto-Italic *θakjō Proto-Italic *fakjō Latin faciō Latin afficiō Proto-Indo-European *-tós Proto-Italic *-tos Latin -tus Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu. Proto-Italic *-ājō Proto-Italic *-āō Latin -ō Latin -tō Latin affectō Latin affectāreder. Middle French affecterder. Anglo-Norman affecterder. Middle English affecten English affect From Middle English affecten, from Anglo-Norman affecter (“strive after”), Middle French affecter (“feign”), and their source, Latin affectāre (“to strive after, aim to do, pursue, imitate with dissimulation, feign”), frequentative of afficere (“to act upon, influence”) (see Etymology 1, above).
Original Wiktionary entry and references ↗affectEnglish (en) · Etymology 3Source text
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd Proto-Italic *ad Proto-Italic *ad- Latin ad- Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁- Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁k- Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *dʰh₁kyéti Proto-Italic *θakjō Proto-Italic *fakjō Latin faciō Latin afficiō Proto-Indo-European *-tus Proto-Italic *-tus Latin -tus Latin affectusder. Middle English affect English affect From Middle English affect, from Latin affectus, adfectus (“a state of mind or body produced by some (external) influence, especially sympathy or love”), from afficere (“to act upon, influence”).
Original Wiktionary entry and references ↗INDEPENDENT SOURCE LIBRARY
More sources for this spelling
These are spelling matches, not a claim of identical senses or agreement. Historical accounts retain their own editions and limits; none is automatically promoted into reviewed ancestry.
Chambers (1908)
1908- AffectEnglish · e-37683-436
Affect, af-fekt′, v.t. to act upon: to produce a change upon: to move the feelings: to assign, apply (only in pass.).—adj. Affect′ed, touched with a feeling either for or against (with by): full of affectation: feigned.—
Read the full source record → - AffectEnglish · e-37683-437
Affect, af-fekt′, v.t. to make a show or pretence of, to assume, to counterfeit or pretend to, to take upon one's self to: (obs.) to aim at, seek to obtain: (arch.) have a liking for, to love: to practise, wear, or frequ
Read the full source record →
013
MODERN ENTRY POINTS
WORD DOSSIERS
nounhistorical form
Liebe
The German noun for love, inherited through Middle and Old High German and a Germanic abstract-noun formation distinct from the immediate noun ancestry of English love.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗noundossier summary
emotion
Feeling or affect; borrowed through French from a Latin movement family and first used in English for disturbance, agitation, or social movement.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗noun · verbdossier summary
love
Deep affection; an unusually durable Germanic word whose emotional core survived more than a millennium of sound change.
OPEN THE FULL LINEAGE ↗028
ATTESTED / RECONSTRUCTED / BOUNDARY
HISTORICAL FORMS
*
Proto-Germanic / Indo-European
*leubīn
love; affection as an abstract noun
- DATE
- Proto-Germanic reconstruction
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 1
German / Indo-European
Liebe
love; strong affection; a beloved person
- DATE
- Present-day German
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 1
Middle English / Indo-European
kīnd(e)
natural, innate, fitting, proper, native, affectionate, loving, or benevolent
- DATE
- Middle English
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 0
Middle High German / Indo-European
liebe
favor, affection, love
- DATE
- Middle High German
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 1
Old High German / Indo-European
liubī
love, affection, esteem, pleasure, favor
- DATE
- Old High German, attested from the tenth century
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 1
Present-Day English / Indo-European
love
deep affection; to feel deep affection
- DATE
- c. 1500–today
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 1
Middle English / Indo-European
love / luve
love, affection, beloved person
- DATE
- c. 1150–1500
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 1
Old English / Indo-European
lufu
love, affection, friendliness
- DATE
- before 725–c. 1150
- MATCH
- gloss
- DOSSIERS
- 1
031
WHERE INTERPRETATION IS TESTED
CLAIMS & DISPUTES
SCHOLARLY DISPUTES / 1
resolvedestablishedposition text
Did kind always mean benevolent or nice?
No. Old English gecynde is natural, native, innate, fitting, proper, or inherited by birth. Middle English evidence adds affectionate and benevolent uses, making modern moral kindness a semantic development rather than the original whole meaning.
CONTRARIAN TRUTHS / 0
040
BOOKS / DICTIONARIES / ARTICLES / DATABASES
SOURCES
No reviewed record in this collection contains “affect.” Absence describes this graph, not all of linguistic scholarship.
050
FIRST USES & HISTORICAL OBJECTS
ATTESTATION WITNESSES
No reviewed record in this collection contains “affect.” Absence describes this graph, not all of linguistic scholarship.
06
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