RECURSIVE ANCESTOR EXPLORER
GLOBAL GRAPH ↗NORTH-STAR FEATURE / ROOT OF THE ROOT
WORD → PARENT → PARENT → UNKNOWNGO TO
THE ROOT.
Do not stop at the first ancestor. Follow every cited route—through compounds, reconstructions, and disagreements—until human knowledge actually stops.
START / NODE 1280Old DutchOld Dutch; oldest corpus range 901–1000, later records through 1200
fīunt
Old Dutch fīunt is the normalized headword behind a twenty-six-occurrence historical-dictionary record for enemy or opponent. ONW classifies the noun as synchronically unsegmented but says it was originally the present participle of the verb corresponding to Old High German fīēn and Gothic fijan, a verb no longer known in Dutch. Its frequency table preserves six case-number cells: nominative and genitive singular plus nominative, genitive, dative, and accusative plural. Those are not a complete paradigm. The article displays twenty representative location blocks after warning that locations in the semantic profile have been reduced. Most early Wachtendonck Psalms material is linguistically dated 901–1000 but survives in copies dated 1595–1605, circa 1598, or 1701–1800; no tenth-century manuscript object was inspected. One dfiunt or fiunt gloss aligned with Latin diabolus is textually disputed, and one Groningen psalm gloss is explicitly assigned to Old Frisian by the dictionary. This dossier therefore treats fīunt as a nominal fossil with a partially preserved inflectional record, not as a productive Old Dutch participle or a complete transparent paradigm.
“Old Dutch preserved a fossilized “hating one” in twenty-six noun occurrences and six attested case-number cells after the corresponding hate verb disappeared from Dutch. The noun outlived its verb.”OPEN COMPLETE WORD DOSSIER ↗
EVERY REVIEWED PARENT, NOT ONE EDITORIAL PATH
FOLLOW EVERY BRANCH.
Compound components and competing routes stay separate. Every arrow retains its sound change, semantic change, scholar, confidence, and exact sources.
01
PARENT ROUTES1 REVIEWED RELATIONSHIP
Old Dutchfīunt
enemy or opponent; one disputed gloss may denote the Devil
↑GO DEEPER
Old Dutch · Old Dutchfīunt / fīantenemy or opponent; one disputed record may denote the Devil
- SOUND CHANGE
- The normalized lemma fīunt selects the headword used by ONW from a historical aggregate also represented as fīant in EWN. The exact corpus inventory includes fiunt-, fiund-, uiand-, uiend-, and viann- surface forms; this edge is lemma and paradigm navigation, not one sound change between two written tokens.
- SEMANTIC CHANGE
- The records remain inside the enemy or opponent noun, with one separately disputed Devil gloss. No surface variant is assigned every sense.
- SCHOLAR
- Instituut voor de Nederlandse Taal editorial team · Marlies Philippa · Frans Debrabandere · Arend Quak
- CONFIDENCE
- established — The official historical dictionary publishes the lemma, frequency table, and surface forms; EWN supplies the wider historical display. The combined node is editorial aggregation rather than one token.
- CHRONOLOGY
- Old Dutch headword normalization over records linguistically dated 901–1200.
2 CITATIONSEtymologisch Woordenboek van het Nederlands — vijandHistorical forms: Old Dutch fīunt / fīant Oudnederlands Woordenboek — fīuntHeadword, frequency twenty-six, morphology, inflection table, and semantic profile AUDIT CANONICAL EDGE 1248 ↗
Supplies the wider Old Dutch display used by the aggregate node.
ORIGINAL ↗Publishes fīunt as the lemma and the complete six-cell frequency inventory.
ORIGINAL ↗THE ASTERISK IS A PROMISE
RECONSTRUCTION IS
NOT INSCRIPTION.
Crossing into a starred form changes the evidence class. The interface marks that crossing, preserves confidence, and never manufactures the next root to make the picture look complete.