NODE / 0322attestedisiZulu
-ntu
human; person stem
- DATE
- Modern isiZulu
- SENSE
- human stem
- FAMILY
- Niger-Congo / Atlantic-Congo · Bantu · Nguni
- CANONICAL KEY
- node:39:ntu:attested:sense:human-stem
Graph-only human stem supported by the Dictionary of South African English and the scholarly ubuntu volume.
01ANCESTRAL EDGES
ROOT OF THIS ROOT
*THE TRAIL ENDS HERE.No reviewed parent edge extends beyond this canonical node.
02DIRECT DESCENDANT EDGES
THE NEXT HISTORICAL STEP
DESCENDANTcompound componentestablished
isiZulu · Modern isiZulu · humanity compoundubuntu
humanity; goodness
- SOUND
- Synchronic Nguni morphology; no sound change is asserted between the whole and the human stem.
- MEANING
- The -ntu stem contributes the human or person semantic core.
- SCHOLAR
- Dictionary of South African English Editors · Praeg and Magadla
- CONFIDENCE
- established — Both sources identify the human stem.
03TRANSITIVE DESCENDANT CLOSURE
EVERY REVIEWED BRANCH FROM HERE
This is the complete downstream closure currently supported by the canonical graph. Every displayed step is a real reviewed edge with its own sound claim, meaning claim, scholar, confidence, and citations.
- UNIQUE DESCENDANT NODES
- 2
- REVIEWED EDGES
- 2
- DEEPEST PATH
- 2
- MODERN DOSSIERS REACHED
- 1
HISTORICAL STEP 011 EDGE
STEP 01compound componentestablished
- SOUND
- Synchronic Nguni morphology; no sound change is asserted between the whole and the human stem.
- MEANING
- The -ntu stem contributes the human or person semantic core.
Dictionary of South African English Editors · Praeg and Magadla2 CITATIONSEDGE 310 ↗ HISTORICAL STEP 021 EDGE
STEP 02borrowingprobable
- SOUND
- The Nguni form was adopted into South African English with the source-language spelling substantially preserved.
- MEANING
- A word for humanity or goodness became an English philosophical and ethical term.
Dictionary of South African English Editors1 CITATIONEDGE 305 ↗ “Every” means every descendant in the reviewed SET-U graph. It does not convert missing scholarship or missing ingestion into a claim of historical completeness. The coverage ledger remains the honest denominator.
04RECORDED EVIDENCE
ATTESTATIONS / FIRST KNOWN USE
NO RECORDED WITNESS ATTACHED.The reviewed graph does not yet attach a source-reported or directly inspected witness to this canonical form.
05EDITORIAL REUSE
WORD DOSSIERS USING THIS NODE