NODE / 0296attestedDutch

lief

PRONUNCIATION /lif/

dear, sweet, kind; substantivized, a beloved person

DATE: Present-day Dutch
SENSE: dear kind adjective
FAMILY: Indo-European / Germanic
CANONICAL KEY: node:23:lief:attested:sense:dear-kind-adjective

ANW records the adjective, its inflection, pronunciation, and substantivized use.

ANCESTRAL EDGES

ROOT OF THIS ROOT

GO DEEPERhistorical continuationestablished

Middle Dutch · Middle Dutch · dear kind adjective

lief

dear, beloved, pleasant

SOUND: Middle Dutch lief continues into modern Dutch lief with stable spelling and later standardization of pronunciation and inflection.
MEANING: Dear, beloved, pleasant, and kind remain within the inherited adjective’s semantic range.
CHRONOLOGY: Middle Dutch to present-day Dutch.
SCHOLAR: Instituut voor de Nederlandse Taal editors · N. van Wijk
CONFIDENCE: established — Modern grammar and the historical form are directly documented.

lief — Algemeen Nederlands WoordenboeksupportsAdjective and noun sections: spelling, inflection, word formation, pronunciation

Documents present-day Dutch lief and its substantivized use.

ORIGINAL ↗

Franck’s Etymologisch Woordenboek der Nederlandsche Taal — liefhebben, liefde, liefsupportspp. 384–385, entries liefhebben and liefde

Documents Middle Dutch and wider Dutch forms in the inherited lief family.

ORIGINAL ↗

OPEN CANONICAL EDGE 287 ↗

DIRECT DESCENDANT EDGES

THE NEXT HISTORICAL STEP

No reviewed descendants currently reuse this node. Absence describes the graph, not the entire history of the form.

TRANSITIVE DESCENDANT CLOSURE

EVERY REVIEWED BRANCH FROM HERE

This is the complete downstream closure currently supported by the canonical graph. Every displayed step is a real reviewed edge with its own sound claim, meaning claim, scholar, confidence, and citations.

UNIQUE DESCENDANT NODES: 0
REVIEWED EDGES: 0
DEEPEST PATH: 0
MODERN DOSSIERS REACHED: 0

No downstream edge has cleared review for this node. This is a graph-coverage statement, not a claim that the historical form produced nothing.

“Every” means every descendant in the reviewed SET-U graph. It does not convert missing scholarship or missing ingestion into a claim of historical completeness. The coverage ledger remains the honest denominator.

RECORDED EVIDENCE

ATTESTATIONS / FIRST KNOWN USE

NO RECORDED WITNESS ATTACHED.

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EDITORIAL REUSE

WORD DOSSIERS USING THIS NODE

01lieflief · established