*SET-U

THE JOURNEY ATLAS

TIMELINE ATLAS ↗

MAP THE ROUTE / KEEP THE LIMIT

PLACE → PERIOD → TRANSFORMATION

WORDS HAVE
ADDRESSES.

Trace where a word’s reviewed history passed through—and see every broad, global, or uncertain stage that cannot honestly be reduced to one point.

THE GEOGRAPHIC CONTRACT

A ROUTE IS A MODEL.
NOT A GPS TRACE.

Regional pins locate reviewed cultural stages. Approximate pins locate broad reconstructed or contact regions. Global stages stay unpinned. Every route preserves its full editorial sequence; only directly cited, explicitly bounded stages also enter the cross-word Timeline Atlas.

959REVIEWED ROUTE STAGES

Ordered inside 214 complete dossier journeys.

230HONEST MAP POINTS

231 coordinate pairs exist; global placements are suppressed.

729NO SINGLE PIN

Broad, global, uncertain, or not honestly reducible to one point.

959DIRECTLY CITED STAGES

1324 claim-level citations; every remaining stage is a frontier task.

578NUMERIC TIME BOUNDS

Source-backed stages now join the cross-word Timeline Atlas.

381TIME BOUNDS WITHHELD

Historic labels remain readable without being parsed into false years.

00

FILTER THE ROUTE ARCHIVE

WHERE DID THE WORD GO?

214 ROUTES / 959 MATCHING STAGES

Filters select complete word journeys when any stage matches. The map and route card then preserve the surrounding stages, so a search result never becomes a historically amputated dot.

01

THE REVIEWED GEOGRAPHIC LAYER

WORDS DO NOT MOVE IN STRAIGHT LINES.

230 PLOTTED STAGES
230 plotted stages in matching word journeys-logy, stage 1: Ancient Greek linguistic record — -logiā, logos, and legein-logy, stage 3: Northern France — Old French -logie-logy, stage 4: England — Middle English -logieadverb, stage 2: Roman grammatical tradition — Latin adverbiumadverb, stage 3: France and England — Middle French to Middle Englishaguacate, stage 1: Nahuatl-speaking central Mexico — 1571 Molina recordalgebra, stage 1: Baghdad — c. 825algebra, stage 2: Iberian and Latin translation worlds — 12th centuryalgebra, stage 3: England — 1551algorism, stage 1: Khwārizmian name horizon — approximately 780–850algorism, stage 2: Medieval Latin Europe — 12th centuryalgorism, stage 3: France and England — 13th–14th centuriesalgorism, stage 4: Medieval England — 14th centuryalgorithm, stage 1: Khwārizm — 8th–9th centuriesalgorithm, stage 2: Baghdad — 9th centuryalgorithm, stage 3: Medieval Latin Europe — 12th–15th centuriesarithmetic, stage 1: Ancient Greek linguistic world — antiquityarithmetic, stage 2: Latin and medieval French scholarship — 12th–13th centuriesarithmetic, stage 3: Medieval England — circa 1250 English horizonbetroth, stage 3: England — Middle English bi-/be- plus trouthboy, stage 1: Medieval England — Middle English boibride, stage 1: Old English language area — Old English brȳdbridegroom, stage 3: Scots and English record — brydegrome in 1525calculate, stage 3: England — 1542 English first-known-use horizoncalculator, stage 1: Roman world — Latin antiquity and Late Latincalculator, stage 2: Medieval England — 14th-century English recordcalculus, stage 1: Roman world — Latin antiquitycalculus, stage 3: England — 1666 English recordcandid, stage 2: Latin-speaking Mediterranean — Latin antiquitycandid, stage 3: France — Middle French, c. 1300–1600candid, stage 4: England and global English — 1597–todaycandidate, stage 1: Roman office-seeking practice — Roman antiquity; exact onset unresolvedcandidate, stage 2: French candidat and learned circulation — 1284 French record; 1546 public-office sensecandidate, stage 3: England — 1600 English first-known-use horizoncandor, stage 1: Latin-speaking Mediterranean — Latin antiquitycandor, stage 2: France — French transmission, date unresolvedcandor, stage 3: England — 14th-century English recordchá, stage 2: Macao and Cantonese maritime contact — 16th centurychá, stage 3: Portuguese-language record — current Infopédia recordclew, stage 1: Anglo-Saxon England — Old English, before the 12th centuryclew, stage 2: Medieval England — Middle English, c. 1100–1500clue, stage 1: Anglo-Saxon England — before 1150clue, stage 2: English literature — late 16th c.collect, stage 2: Roman world — antiquitycollect, stage 3: Anglo-French and Middle English — medievalconscience, stage 2: Roman world — Latin antiquityconscience, stage 3: Medieval France and England — 13th-century English horizonconscious, stage 2: Roman world — Latin antiquityconscious, stage 3: England — circa 1600 English recorddairy, stage 1: Old English language area — dǣge, female baker or servantdialogue, stage 2: Ancient Greek speech communities — Ancient Greek recorddialogue, stage 3: Roman literary world — Latin antiquity and Late Latindialogue, stage 4: Medieval England — circa 1200–15th centurydirect, stage 3: France and England — Anglo-French directer to Middle English directendisaster, stage 2: Italy — Old Italian stage; exact onset unresolveddisaster, stage 3: France — Middle French borrowing; exact onset unresolveddough, stage 3: Anglo-Saxon England — dāg before the 12th centuryemoticon, stage 2: Roman and Francophone transmission — Latin antiquity–16th centuryemoticon, stage 3: England — 1579 English emotion recordemotion, stage 2: Roman and Francophone transmission — Latin antiquity–16th centuryemotion, stage 3: England — 1579 English recordetymological, stage 2: Early Modern England — 1588–1590s source horizonsetymologist, stage 1: Medieval and Early Modern English learned vocabulary — late 14th century–1604etymologist, stage 2: Early Modern England — 1604–1630s source horizonsetymologize, stage 1: Medieval English learned vocabulary — late 14th century onwardetymologize, stage 2: Early Modern England — 1532 transitive horizonetymologize, stage 3: English semantic expansion — 1650s intransitive horizonetymology, stage 2: Ancient Greece — 1st millennium BCEetymology, stage 3: Rome and medieval Europe — antiquity–14th c.etymon, stage 1: Later Ancient Greek learned usage — Hellenistic and Roman periodsetymon, stage 2: Latin scholarly transmission — antiquity–medieval learned useetymon, stage 3: English printed record — 1573feign, stage 2: Medieval English language area — Middle English feynen and feignenfemale, stage 2: Roman linguistic world — fēmina to fēmellafemale, stage 3: France and England — femele to femellefiction, stage 2: Medieval English language area — Middle English ficciounfigure, stage 3: Medieval France and England — figure in the 13th centuryfijan, stage 4: Ravenna — early-sixth-century Codex Argenteus witnessesfijan, stage 5: Werden, Ruhr district — sixteenth-century Codex Argenteus custodyfijan, stage 6: Prague — imperial custody by 1600 to 1648fijan, stage 7: Stockholm — Swedish royal custody after 1648fijan, stage 9: Uppsala University Library — custody since 1669fijands, stage 5: Ravenna — early-sixth-century Codex Argenteus witnessesfijands, stage 6: Werden, Ruhr district — sixteenth-century Codex Argenteus custodyfijands, stage 7: Prague — imperial custody by 1600 to 1648fijands, stage 8: Stockholm — Swedish royal custody after 1648fijands, stage 10: Uppsala University Library — custody since 1669girl, stage 1: Medieval England — Middle English girlehatan, stage 3: Ravenna — early-sixth-century Codex Argenteus witnesseshatan, stage 4: Werden, Ruhr district — sixteenth-century manuscript custodyhatan, stage 5: Prague — imperial custody by 1600 to 1648hatan, stage 6: Stockholm — Swedish royal custody after 1648hatan, stage 8: Uppsala University Library — custody since 1669hatis, stage 3: Ravenna — early-sixth-century Codex Argenteus witnesshatis, stage 4: Werden, Ruhr district — sixteenth-century Codex Argenteus custodyhatis, stage 5: Prague — imperial custody by 1600 to 1648hatis, stage 6: Stockholm — Swedish royal custody after 1648hatis, stage 8: Uppsala University Library — custody since 1669hatizōn, stage 3: Ravenna — early-sixth-century Codex Argenteushatizōn, stage 4: Werden, Ruhr district — sixteenth-century manuscript custodyhatizōn, stage 5: Prague — imperial custody by 1600 to 1648hatizōn, stage 6: Stockholm — Swedish royal custody after 1648hatizōn, stage 8: Uppsala University Library — custody since 1669hatjan, stage 3: Ravenna — early-sixth-century Codex Argenteushatjan, stage 4: Werden, Ruhr district — sixteenth-century manuscript custodyhatjan, stage 5: Prague — imperial custody by 1600 to 1648hatjan, stage 6: Stockholm — Swedish royal custody after 1648hatjan, stage 8: Uppsala University Library — custody since 1669hatōn, stage 4: Corvey catalog attribution — Cgm 25, second half of the ninth centuryheti, stage 4: Corvey catalog attribution — Cgm 25, second half of the ninth centuryhospice, stage 3: England — 1818 English lodging horizonhospitality, stage 2: Latin-speaking Mediterranean — Latin antiquityhospitality, stage 3: France and England — medieval French and English transmissionhostel, stage 2: England — 14th-century English recordhostis, stage 3: Rome — Cicero’s 44 BCE semantic testimonyhuman, stage 2: Roman linguistic world — homō to hūmānushuman, stage 3: France and England — humainhumble, stage 3: Medieval England and Anglo-French contact — humble in the 13th centuryhumiliate, stage 3: England — circa 1534 English recordhumiliation, stage 3: Northern France — Middle French before 1449–1495humiliation, stage 4: England — late 14th-century Middle Englishhumility, stage 3: Northern France — later 10th century–1400 Old Frenchhumility, stage 4: England — 14th-century Middle English and Englishhusband, stage 3: Medieval England — hūsbōnda to husbondehōti, stage 6: Corvey catalog attribution — Cgm 25, second half of the ninth centuryicon, stage 1: Greek and Roman linguistic worlds — antiquity–Late Latinicon, stage 2: England — 1572 English recordicon, stage 3: Eastern Christian and English religious discourse — 1833–todayintellect, stage 1: Roman world — Latin antiquityintellect, stage 2: Medieval France — Old French transmission, c. 800–1400intellect, stage 3: England — 14th-century English recordintelligence, stage 2: Roman world — antiquityintelligence, stage 3: France and England — 14th centuryintelligent, stage 2: Roman world — Latin antiquityintelligent, stage 3: England — circa 1540 English recordkapu, stage 2: Hawaiian-language record — 1836 dictionary record–todaykayık, stage 3: Modern Turkish kayık — 2023 dictionary record–todaylady, stage 2: Medieval England — hlǣfdige to ladylaw, stage 2: Scandinavia and the Old Norse world — approximately 700–1500law, stage 3: Anglo-Saxon England — before the 12th centurylay, stage 2: Anglo-Saxon England — before the 12th centurylay, stage 3: Middle English England — approximately 1150–1500lecture, stage 2: Roman and medieval scholarly worlds — antiquity–medievallecture, stage 3: England — 15th centurylegal, stage 2: Roman world — antiquitylegal, stage 3: Anglo-French England — medievallegend, stage 2: Medieval Latin Christendom — medievallegend, stage 3: England — c. 1500legible, stage 2: Roman and Late Latin world — Latin antiquity–late antiquitylegible, stage 3: England — late 14th–15th centurieslegislation, stage 3: France — 1372–1374 French recordlegislation, stage 4: England — 1606 English reportlesson, stage 3: England — 13th-century English recordliufs, stage 4: Ravenna — early-6th-century Codex Argenteuslogic, stage 2: Ancient Greece — 1st millennium BCElogic, stage 3: Latin and medieval French scholarship — antiquity–12th centurylord, stage 2: Medieval England — hlāford to loverdlove, stage 1: Pontic–Caspian horizon — Proto-Indo-European prehistorylove, stage 3: Anglo-Saxon England — Old English period; English record before 12th c.male, stage 1: Roman linguistic world — mās to masculusmale, stage 2: France and England — masle to maleman, stage 3: Early and medieval England — Old English mann to Middle English mannescience, stage 3: England — 1612 English recordomniscient, stage 3: England — 1598 English recordperson, stage 2: Roman linguistic world — Latin persōnaperson, stage 3: France and England — personeprescient, stage 2: Roman world — Latin antiquityprescient, stage 3: France — 15th-century French recordprescient, stage 4: England — 1620s English recordprologue, stage 2: Ancient Greek theatre — Ancient Greek recordprologue, stage 3: Roman literary world — Latin antiquity and Late Latinprologue, stage 4: Medieval England — 14th–15th centuriesproverb, stage 2: Roman world — Latin proverbiumqajaq, stage 2: Greenlandic qajaq terminology — 1987 terminology record–todayquarantine, stage 1: Dubrovnik / Ragusa — 1377 thirty-day trentino lawrealm, stage 3: France and England — Old French reiame to Middle English realmeregal, stage 3: France and England — Old French or Anglo-French transmissionregular, stage 3: France and England — Anglo-French reguler to Middle English regulerregulate, stage 3: England — Middle English regulaterich, stage 3: England — Old English rīcerich, stage 4: France and England — Old French riche and Middle English richeright, stage 3: England — Old English riht to Middle English rightrobot, stage 2: Prague — 1920 R.U.R. coinagerobot, stage 3: English-language R.U.R. translation and print — 1922 first-use horizon; inspected 1923 editionroyal, stage 3: France and England — Anglo-French roial to Middle English roialrule, stage 3: France and England — Anglo-French reule to Middle English reulerí, stage 3: Ireland — Old Irish rí and ríg, 8th–10th centuriessalary, stage 2: Roman world — imperial periodsalary, stage 3: Medieval France — 12th–13th c.salary, stage 4: England — 13th c. first-known-use horizonsalt, stage 2: Germanic and Anglo-Saxon Europe — approximately 450–1150salt, stage 3: England — before the 12th centuryselect, stage 2: England — 1565 adjective horizonselect, stage 3: England — 1566 verb horizonsincere, stage 1: Roman world — antiquitysincere, stage 2: France — 15th c.; attestations in 1441 and 1474sincere, stage 3: England — 1533 first-known-use horizontapu, stage 2: Aotearoa New Zealand Māori record — 1872 corpus example–todaytea, stage 2: Xiamen, Fujian — Southern Min contact eratea, stage 4: England — 1655 onwardten, stage 3: England — recorded before the 12th centurytree, stage 3: England — Old English trēow to Middle English treetroth, stage 3: England — Old English trēowþ to Middle English trouthtruce, stage 3: England — Old English trēow to Middle English plural trewestrue, stage 3: England — Old English trēowe to Middle English trewetrust, stage 3: Scandinavian linguistic horizon — Old Norse traust or a related Scandinavian sourcetrust, stage 4: England — Middle English trustetruth, stage 3: England — Old English trēowþ to Middle English trewtheverb, stage 2: Roman world — Latin verbumverb, stage 3: Anglo-French Britain — Latin-to-French-to-English transmissionverbal, stage 1: Late Latin learned tradition — verbalis from verbum plus -alisverbal, stage 2: England — 15th-century English recordverbatim, stage 1: Roman world — Latin verbum and word-for-word phraseswife, stage 2: Medieval England — wīf to wifwoman, stage 2: Medieval England — wīfman to wommanword, stage 3: England — Old English record before the 12th centuryçay, stage 3: Turkey Turkish record — 2023 dictionary edition–todayétymologie, stage 1: Ancient Greek learned tradition — Hellenistic and later Greekétymologie, stage 2: Latin grammatical tradition — antiquity–medieval Europeétymologie, stage 3: Old French textual record — c. 1175–1188étymologie, stage 4: French technical specialization — 1529–1756étymon, stage 1: Later Ancient Greek learned usage — Hellenistic and Roman periodsétymon, stage 2: Latin scholarly transmission — antiquity–medieval learned useétymon, stage 3: French lexicographic record — 1892μυς, stage 4: Modern Greece — current anatomical usageчай, stage 3: Russian-language record — Vasmer dictionary recordստոյգ, stage 3: Historical Armenian lexicography — 19th-century dictionaries–todayچای, stage 3: Persian-language record — Dehkhoda lexicographic record–todayἐτήτυμος, stage 3: Ancient Greek poetic usage — Archaic–Classical recordἔτυμος, stage 3: Later Greek learned usage — Hellenistic and Roman-period records
REGIONAL PLACEMENTAPPROXIMATE / RECONSTRUCTED REGIONGLOBAL OR UNLOCATED — NO SINGLE PIN

This is not a GPS trace. Lines appear only when adjacent stages in one selected route both have defensible points. A global stage is not pinned even when a legacy coordinate names the route’s point of departure. Missing locations break the line.

02

ROUTE-BY-ROUTE SEQUENCE TIMELINES

214 MATCHING WORD JOURNEYS

PAGE 4 / 27
074

REVIEWED WORD JOURNEY

calculus

OPEN DOSSIER ↗
4STAGES2HONEST PINS2NO SINGLE PIN
  1. 01
    Latin antiquitybroad placement

    Roman world

    Latin calculus names a pebble, a bodily stone, a counting-board pebble, a calculation, or an account.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  2. 02
    deeper route unresolvedNO SINGLE PIN

    Mediterranean stone-word contact zone

    Traditional Latin limestone derivation competes with a Greek comparison and a possible shared non-Indo-European source.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  3. 03
    1666 English recordregional placement

    England

    Merriam-Webster reports calculus in English in 1666 for a method or result of calculation.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  4. 04
    1666–todayNO SINGLE PIN

    Global mathematical and scientific English

    Calculus expands across mathematics, logic, decision theory, medicine, and dentistry.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
072

REVIEWED WORD JOURNEY

candid

OPEN DOSSIER ↗
4STAGES3HONEST PINS1NO SINGLE PIN
  1. 01
    reconstructed *(s)kend-NO SINGLE PIN

    Indo-European linguistic horizon

    Comparative evidence reconstructs a shining root without locating one archaeological point.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  2. 02
    Latin antiquitybroad placement

    Latin-speaking Mediterranean

    Candēre and candidus name shining, brightness, and whiteness.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  3. 03
    Middle French, c. 1300–1600regional placement

    France

    French candide carries brilliance and favorable disposition toward English.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  4. 04
    1597–todaybroad placement

    England and global English

    English candid begins in the source record with white and develops clear, fair, honest, frank, and photographic senses.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
007

REVIEWED WORD JOURNEY

candidate

OPEN DOSSIER ↗
4STAGES3HONEST PINS1NO SINGLE PIN
  1. 01
    Roman antiquity; exact onset unresolvedregional placement

    Roman office-seeking practice

    Latin candidātus first describes someone clothed in white and then the office-seeker identified by a bright white toga. The clothing and political use are attested; the word formation alone does not prove a personal claim of moral purity.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  2. 02
    1284 French record; 1546 public-office senseregional placement

    French candidat and learned circulation

    CNRTL records French candidat in 1284 in an elite-soldier sense and in 1546 for a person seeking public office, with later academic use. This documents European circulation without claiming French was necessarily the direct donor to English.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  3. 03
    1600 English first-known-use horizonregional placement

    England

    English candidate borrows Latin candidātus for a person seeking office. Merriam-Webster reports 1600 as the first-known-use horizon.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  4. 04
    1600 office-seeker onward; later extensionsNO SINGLE PIN

    English-language candidate senses

    The office-seeker remains central, while candidate expands to people nominated or qualified for awards, jobs, degrees, surgery, and other possible selection or treatment.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
073

REVIEWED WORD JOURNEY

candor

OPEN DOSSIER ↗
4STAGES3HONEST PINS1NO SINGLE PIN
  1. 01
    Latin antiquitybroad placement

    Latin-speaking Mediterranean

    Latin candor names brightness, radiance, whiteness, and favorable disposition.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  2. 02
    French transmission, date unresolvedregional placement

    France

    French candeur carries brightness and purity into the borrowing history.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  3. 03
    14th-century English recordregional placement

    England

    Candor is first reported in English in its brightness or unstained-purity family.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  4. 04
    14th century–todayNO SINGLE PIN

    Global English

    The moral sense of frank and honest expression becomes dominant while the brightness history remains recoverable.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
037

REVIEWED WORD JOURNEY

chai

OPEN DOSSIER ↗
5STAGES0HONEST PINS5NO SINGLE PIN
  1. 01
    Old and Middle Chinese reconstructionsNO SINGLE PIN

    Chinese linguistic horizon

    The cha branch is connected to reconstructed *drae and *lˤra, without pretending that a reconstruction has one exact map point.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  2. 02
    Historical diffusionNO SINGLE PIN

    Eurasian overland networks

    WALS identifies an overland tendency for cha/chai-type forms, with route-specific exceptions.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  3. 03
    By the 11th century in a source reportNO SINGLE PIN

    Persian-speaking world

    Encyclopaedia Iranica reports Bīrūnī discussing čāy and its use in China and Tibet.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  4. 04
    Modern Hindi–UrduNO SINGLE PIN

    South Asia

    The general tea word cāy becomes the culturally salient source family for English culinary chai.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  5. 05
    1984 onwardNO SINGLE PIN

    Global English

    Merriam-Webster dates the current English chai entry to 1984.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
032

REVIEWED WORD JOURNEY

check

OPEN DOSSIER ↗
6STAGES0HONEST PINS6NO SINGLE PIN
  1. 01
    Achaemenid period, c. 550–330 BCENO SINGLE PIN

    Achaemenid Iran

    Old Persian xšāyaθiya is attested in official Achaemenid royal protocol and continues in Middle and New Persian šāh.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  2. 02
    Middle and New Persian periodsNO SINGLE PIN

    Persian-speaking Iran

    The Old Persian royal title continues as Middle and New Persian šāh and becomes part of Persian chess vocabulary; the distributed linguistic stage is deliberately unpinned.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  3. 03
    7th–10th centuriesNO SINGLE PIN

    Arabic-speaking chess cultures

    Arabic chess vocabulary borrows Persian šāh “king”; the royal title becomes the call naming the threatened king.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  4. 04
    14th–15th c. English first-use horizonsNO SINGLE PIN

    Northern France and England

    Anglo-French eschec and Old French eschac / eschés reach Middle English chek / chekke; the verb is reported in the fourteenth century and the noun in the fifteenth.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  5. 05
    early 18th c. onwardNO SINGLE PIN

    English commercial networks

    The restraint sense is applied first to an anti-forgery counterfoil and then to the bank draft itself.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  6. 06
    current sense network; onset unresolvedNO SINGLE PIN

    English-language check senses

    Verification, marking, restraint, comparison, and banking senses coexist in current English. No single diffusion date or map point is inferred.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
034

REVIEWED WORD JOURNEY

checkmate

OPEN DOSSIER ↗
5STAGES0HONEST PINS5NO SINGLE PIN
  1. 01
    late antique–early Islamic periodNO SINGLE PIN

    Persian-speaking chess culture

    The Persian chess expression presents the trapped king as helpless or paralyzed rather than securely “dead.” The stage is linguistic and cultural, not one point on a map.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  2. 02
    7th–11th centuriesNO SINGLE PIN

    Arabic-speaking chess cultures

    Arabic chess usage receives the Persian expression while a native Arabic “has died” analysis remains a historically influential but less likely reinterpretation.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  3. 03
    14th–15th c. English first-use horizonsNO SINGLE PIN

    France and England

    Anglo-French eschec mat reaches Middle English chekmat and the derived verb chekmaten; the verb is reported in the fourteenth century and the noun in the fifteenth.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  4. 04
    15th–17th centuriesNO SINGLE PIN

    European chess culture

    European chess rules changed substantially from the fifteenth through early seventeenth centuries, while the checkmate victory term persisted.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  5. 05
    current chess and figurative senses; onset unresolvedNO SINGLE PIN

    English-language checkmate senses

    Modern English preserves both the inescapable chess position and the figurative sense “thwart completely.” No global diffusion date is inferred.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
033

REVIEWED WORD JOURNEY

chess

OPEN DOSSIER ↗
5STAGES0HONEST PINS5NO SINGLE PIN
  1. 01
    6th c. first-certain caturaṅga evidenceNO SINGLE PIN

    Northern Indian game tradition

    The first certain caturaṅga game-name evidence belongs to a sixth-century Indian military-game tradition; earlier origin stories remain less secure.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  2. 02
    late Sasanian transmission probable; certain records laterNO SINGLE PIN

    Persian chess traditions

    The game is reported as reaching Persia in the sixth century and appears as Middle Persian čatrang and later Persian or Arabic šatranj. Legendary narratives and later redactions make a single exact interval unsafe.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  3. 03
    early Islamic transmission; exact interval unresolvedNO SINGLE PIN

    Arabic chess networks

    Arabic-speaking chess networks receive the game and Persian terminology and carry them westward through the early Islamic world.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  4. 04
    14th c. English first-known-use horizon; French route earlierNO SINGLE PIN

    French game name and Middle English chess

    French plural escheks or eschez, literally the chess “checks,” becomes Middle English chesse, ches, or esches. Persian-to-European game transmission predates the English record.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  5. 05
    14th c. English game name onward; later global adoptionNO SINGLE PIN

    English-language and international chess nomenclature

    The inherited English game name persists while rules change and chess becomes global. The unrelated grass called chess remains a separate word of unknown origin.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
03

WHAT THIS MAP CAN AND CANNOT CLAIM

GEOGRAPHIC HONESTY IS PART OF THE DATA.

REGIONAL

A defensible cultural or linguistic region can be plotted, but the point summarizes an area rather than an exact address.

APPROXIMATE

A reconstructed homeland or contact zone is placed only as a broad visual orientation and uses a distinct dashed marker.

BROAD / GLOBAL

A distributed network, era, or world language has no honest single coordinate. It remains in the sequence and off the map.

TIME BOUNDS

Directly cited stages may carry exact, range, century, circa, open, or before bounds. Unbounded prose stays unparsed.

SOURCE FRONTIER

959 stages have claim-level citations and 578 have defensible numeric bounds. Every uncited or unbounded stage remains visible unfinished work.