*SET-U

THE JOURNEY ATLAS

TIMELINE ATLAS ↗

MAP THE ROUTE / KEEP THE LIMIT

PLACE → PERIOD → TRANSFORMATION

WORDS HAVE
ADDRESSES.

Trace where a word’s reviewed history passed through—and see every broad, global, or uncertain stage that cannot honestly be reduced to one point.

THE GEOGRAPHIC CONTRACT

A ROUTE IS A MODEL.
NOT A GPS TRACE.

Regional pins locate reviewed cultural stages. Approximate pins locate broad reconstructed or contact regions. Global stages stay unpinned. Every route preserves its full editorial sequence; only directly cited, explicitly bounded stages also enter the cross-word Timeline Atlas.

959REVIEWED ROUTE STAGES

Ordered inside 214 complete dossier journeys.

230HONEST MAP POINTS

231 coordinate pairs exist; global placements are suppressed.

729NO SINGLE PIN

Broad, global, uncertain, or not honestly reducible to one point.

959DIRECTLY CITED STAGES

1324 claim-level citations; every remaining stage is a frontier task.

578NUMERIC TIME BOUNDS

Source-backed stages now join the cross-word Timeline Atlas.

381TIME BOUNDS WITHHELD

Historic labels remain readable without being parsed into false years.

00

FILTER THE ROUTE ARCHIVE

WHERE DID THE WORD GO?

214 ROUTES / 959 MATCHING STAGES

Filters select complete word journeys when any stage matches. The map and route card then preserve the surrounding stages, so a search result never becomes a historically amputated dot.

01

THE REVIEWED GEOGRAPHIC LAYER

WORDS DO NOT MOVE IN STRAIGHT LINES.

230 PLOTTED STAGES
230 plotted stages in matching word journeys-logy, stage 1: Ancient Greek linguistic record — -logiā, logos, and legein-logy, stage 3: Northern France — Old French -logie-logy, stage 4: England — Middle English -logieadverb, stage 2: Roman grammatical tradition — Latin adverbiumadverb, stage 3: France and England — Middle French to Middle Englishaguacate, stage 1: Nahuatl-speaking central Mexico — 1571 Molina recordalgebra, stage 1: Baghdad — c. 825algebra, stage 2: Iberian and Latin translation worlds — 12th centuryalgebra, stage 3: England — 1551algorism, stage 1: Khwārizmian name horizon — approximately 780–850algorism, stage 2: Medieval Latin Europe — 12th centuryalgorism, stage 3: France and England — 13th–14th centuriesalgorism, stage 4: Medieval England — 14th centuryalgorithm, stage 1: Khwārizm — 8th–9th centuriesalgorithm, stage 2: Baghdad — 9th centuryalgorithm, stage 3: Medieval Latin Europe — 12th–15th centuriesarithmetic, stage 1: Ancient Greek linguistic world — antiquityarithmetic, stage 2: Latin and medieval French scholarship — 12th–13th centuriesarithmetic, stage 3: Medieval England — circa 1250 English horizonbetroth, stage 3: England — Middle English bi-/be- plus trouthboy, stage 1: Medieval England — Middle English boibride, stage 1: Old English language area — Old English brȳdbridegroom, stage 3: Scots and English record — brydegrome in 1525calculate, stage 3: England — 1542 English first-known-use horizoncalculator, stage 1: Roman world — Latin antiquity and Late Latincalculator, stage 2: Medieval England — 14th-century English recordcalculus, stage 1: Roman world — Latin antiquitycalculus, stage 3: England — 1666 English recordcandid, stage 2: Latin-speaking Mediterranean — Latin antiquitycandid, stage 3: France — Middle French, c. 1300–1600candid, stage 4: England and global English — 1597–todaycandidate, stage 1: Roman office-seeking practice — Roman antiquity; exact onset unresolvedcandidate, stage 2: French candidat and learned circulation — 1284 French record; 1546 public-office sensecandidate, stage 3: England — 1600 English first-known-use horizoncandor, stage 1: Latin-speaking Mediterranean — Latin antiquitycandor, stage 2: France — French transmission, date unresolvedcandor, stage 3: England — 14th-century English recordchá, stage 2: Macao and Cantonese maritime contact — 16th centurychá, stage 3: Portuguese-language record — current Infopédia recordclew, stage 1: Anglo-Saxon England — Old English, before the 12th centuryclew, stage 2: Medieval England — Middle English, c. 1100–1500clue, stage 1: Anglo-Saxon England — before 1150clue, stage 2: English literature — late 16th c.collect, stage 2: Roman world — antiquitycollect, stage 3: Anglo-French and Middle English — medievalconscience, stage 2: Roman world — Latin antiquityconscience, stage 3: Medieval France and England — 13th-century English horizonconscious, stage 2: Roman world — Latin antiquityconscious, stage 3: England — circa 1600 English recorddairy, stage 1: Old English language area — dǣge, female baker or servantdialogue, stage 2: Ancient Greek speech communities — Ancient Greek recorddialogue, stage 3: Roman literary world — Latin antiquity and Late Latindialogue, stage 4: Medieval England — circa 1200–15th centurydirect, stage 3: France and England — Anglo-French directer to Middle English directendisaster, stage 2: Italy — Old Italian stage; exact onset unresolveddisaster, stage 3: France — Middle French borrowing; exact onset unresolveddough, stage 3: Anglo-Saxon England — dāg before the 12th centuryemoticon, stage 2: Roman and Francophone transmission — Latin antiquity–16th centuryemoticon, stage 3: England — 1579 English emotion recordemotion, stage 2: Roman and Francophone transmission — Latin antiquity–16th centuryemotion, stage 3: England — 1579 English recordetymological, stage 2: Early Modern England — 1588–1590s source horizonsetymologist, stage 1: Medieval and Early Modern English learned vocabulary — late 14th century–1604etymologist, stage 2: Early Modern England — 1604–1630s source horizonsetymologize, stage 1: Medieval English learned vocabulary — late 14th century onwardetymologize, stage 2: Early Modern England — 1532 transitive horizonetymologize, stage 3: English semantic expansion — 1650s intransitive horizonetymology, stage 2: Ancient Greece — 1st millennium BCEetymology, stage 3: Rome and medieval Europe — antiquity–14th c.etymon, stage 1: Later Ancient Greek learned usage — Hellenistic and Roman periodsetymon, stage 2: Latin scholarly transmission — antiquity–medieval learned useetymon, stage 3: English printed record — 1573feign, stage 2: Medieval English language area — Middle English feynen and feignenfemale, stage 2: Roman linguistic world — fēmina to fēmellafemale, stage 3: France and England — femele to femellefiction, stage 2: Medieval English language area — Middle English ficciounfigure, stage 3: Medieval France and England — figure in the 13th centuryfijan, stage 4: Ravenna — early-sixth-century Codex Argenteus witnessesfijan, stage 5: Werden, Ruhr district — sixteenth-century Codex Argenteus custodyfijan, stage 6: Prague — imperial custody by 1600 to 1648fijan, stage 7: Stockholm — Swedish royal custody after 1648fijan, stage 9: Uppsala University Library — custody since 1669fijands, stage 5: Ravenna — early-sixth-century Codex Argenteus witnessesfijands, stage 6: Werden, Ruhr district — sixteenth-century Codex Argenteus custodyfijands, stage 7: Prague — imperial custody by 1600 to 1648fijands, stage 8: Stockholm — Swedish royal custody after 1648fijands, stage 10: Uppsala University Library — custody since 1669girl, stage 1: Medieval England — Middle English girlehatan, stage 3: Ravenna — early-sixth-century Codex Argenteus witnesseshatan, stage 4: Werden, Ruhr district — sixteenth-century manuscript custodyhatan, stage 5: Prague — imperial custody by 1600 to 1648hatan, stage 6: Stockholm — Swedish royal custody after 1648hatan, stage 8: Uppsala University Library — custody since 1669hatis, stage 3: Ravenna — early-sixth-century Codex Argenteus witnesshatis, stage 4: Werden, Ruhr district — sixteenth-century Codex Argenteus custodyhatis, stage 5: Prague — imperial custody by 1600 to 1648hatis, stage 6: Stockholm — Swedish royal custody after 1648hatis, stage 8: Uppsala University Library — custody since 1669hatizōn, stage 3: Ravenna — early-sixth-century Codex Argenteushatizōn, stage 4: Werden, Ruhr district — sixteenth-century manuscript custodyhatizōn, stage 5: Prague — imperial custody by 1600 to 1648hatizōn, stage 6: Stockholm — Swedish royal custody after 1648hatizōn, stage 8: Uppsala University Library — custody since 1669hatjan, stage 3: Ravenna — early-sixth-century Codex Argenteushatjan, stage 4: Werden, Ruhr district — sixteenth-century manuscript custodyhatjan, stage 5: Prague — imperial custody by 1600 to 1648hatjan, stage 6: Stockholm — Swedish royal custody after 1648hatjan, stage 8: Uppsala University Library — custody since 1669hatōn, stage 4: Corvey catalog attribution — Cgm 25, second half of the ninth centuryheti, stage 4: Corvey catalog attribution — Cgm 25, second half of the ninth centuryhospice, stage 3: England — 1818 English lodging horizonhospitality, stage 2: Latin-speaking Mediterranean — Latin antiquityhospitality, stage 3: France and England — medieval French and English transmissionhostel, stage 2: England — 14th-century English recordhostis, stage 3: Rome — Cicero’s 44 BCE semantic testimonyhuman, stage 2: Roman linguistic world — homō to hūmānushuman, stage 3: France and England — humainhumble, stage 3: Medieval England and Anglo-French contact — humble in the 13th centuryhumiliate, stage 3: England — circa 1534 English recordhumiliation, stage 3: Northern France — Middle French before 1449–1495humiliation, stage 4: England — late 14th-century Middle Englishhumility, stage 3: Northern France — later 10th century–1400 Old Frenchhumility, stage 4: England — 14th-century Middle English and Englishhusband, stage 3: Medieval England — hūsbōnda to husbondehōti, stage 6: Corvey catalog attribution — Cgm 25, second half of the ninth centuryicon, stage 1: Greek and Roman linguistic worlds — antiquity–Late Latinicon, stage 2: England — 1572 English recordicon, stage 3: Eastern Christian and English religious discourse — 1833–todayintellect, stage 1: Roman world — Latin antiquityintellect, stage 2: Medieval France — Old French transmission, c. 800–1400intellect, stage 3: England — 14th-century English recordintelligence, stage 2: Roman world — antiquityintelligence, stage 3: France and England — 14th centuryintelligent, stage 2: Roman world — Latin antiquityintelligent, stage 3: England — circa 1540 English recordkapu, stage 2: Hawaiian-language record — 1836 dictionary record–todaykayık, stage 3: Modern Turkish kayık — 2023 dictionary record–todaylady, stage 2: Medieval England — hlǣfdige to ladylaw, stage 2: Scandinavia and the Old Norse world — approximately 700–1500law, stage 3: Anglo-Saxon England — before the 12th centurylay, stage 2: Anglo-Saxon England — before the 12th centurylay, stage 3: Middle English England — approximately 1150–1500lecture, stage 2: Roman and medieval scholarly worlds — antiquity–medievallecture, stage 3: England — 15th centurylegal, stage 2: Roman world — antiquitylegal, stage 3: Anglo-French England — medievallegend, stage 2: Medieval Latin Christendom — medievallegend, stage 3: England — c. 1500legible, stage 2: Roman and Late Latin world — Latin antiquity–late antiquitylegible, stage 3: England — late 14th–15th centurieslegislation, stage 3: France — 1372–1374 French recordlegislation, stage 4: England — 1606 English reportlesson, stage 3: England — 13th-century English recordliufs, stage 4: Ravenna — early-6th-century Codex Argenteuslogic, stage 2: Ancient Greece — 1st millennium BCElogic, stage 3: Latin and medieval French scholarship — antiquity–12th centurylord, stage 2: Medieval England — hlāford to loverdlove, stage 1: Pontic–Caspian horizon — Proto-Indo-European prehistorylove, stage 3: Anglo-Saxon England — Old English period; English record before 12th c.male, stage 1: Roman linguistic world — mās to masculusmale, stage 2: France and England — masle to maleman, stage 3: Early and medieval England — Old English mann to Middle English mannescience, stage 3: England — 1612 English recordomniscient, stage 3: England — 1598 English recordperson, stage 2: Roman linguistic world — Latin persōnaperson, stage 3: France and England — personeprescient, stage 2: Roman world — Latin antiquityprescient, stage 3: France — 15th-century French recordprescient, stage 4: England — 1620s English recordprologue, stage 2: Ancient Greek theatre — Ancient Greek recordprologue, stage 3: Roman literary world — Latin antiquity and Late Latinprologue, stage 4: Medieval England — 14th–15th centuriesproverb, stage 2: Roman world — Latin proverbiumqajaq, stage 2: Greenlandic qajaq terminology — 1987 terminology record–todayquarantine, stage 1: Dubrovnik / Ragusa — 1377 thirty-day trentino lawrealm, stage 3: France and England — Old French reiame to Middle English realmeregal, stage 3: France and England — Old French or Anglo-French transmissionregular, stage 3: France and England — Anglo-French reguler to Middle English regulerregulate, stage 3: England — Middle English regulaterich, stage 3: England — Old English rīcerich, stage 4: France and England — Old French riche and Middle English richeright, stage 3: England — Old English riht to Middle English rightrobot, stage 2: Prague — 1920 R.U.R. coinagerobot, stage 3: English-language R.U.R. translation and print — 1922 first-use horizon; inspected 1923 editionroyal, stage 3: France and England — Anglo-French roial to Middle English roialrule, stage 3: France and England — Anglo-French reule to Middle English reulerí, stage 3: Ireland — Old Irish rí and ríg, 8th–10th centuriessalary, stage 2: Roman world — imperial periodsalary, stage 3: Medieval France — 12th–13th c.salary, stage 4: England — 13th c. first-known-use horizonsalt, stage 2: Germanic and Anglo-Saxon Europe — approximately 450–1150salt, stage 3: England — before the 12th centuryselect, stage 2: England — 1565 adjective horizonselect, stage 3: England — 1566 verb horizonsincere, stage 1: Roman world — antiquitysincere, stage 2: France — 15th c.; attestations in 1441 and 1474sincere, stage 3: England — 1533 first-known-use horizontapu, stage 2: Aotearoa New Zealand Māori record — 1872 corpus example–todaytea, stage 2: Xiamen, Fujian — Southern Min contact eratea, stage 4: England — 1655 onwardten, stage 3: England — recorded before the 12th centurytree, stage 3: England — Old English trēow to Middle English treetroth, stage 3: England — Old English trēowþ to Middle English trouthtruce, stage 3: England — Old English trēow to Middle English plural trewestrue, stage 3: England — Old English trēowe to Middle English trewetrust, stage 3: Scandinavian linguistic horizon — Old Norse traust or a related Scandinavian sourcetrust, stage 4: England — Middle English trustetruth, stage 3: England — Old English trēowþ to Middle English trewtheverb, stage 2: Roman world — Latin verbumverb, stage 3: Anglo-French Britain — Latin-to-French-to-English transmissionverbal, stage 1: Late Latin learned tradition — verbalis from verbum plus -alisverbal, stage 2: England — 15th-century English recordverbatim, stage 1: Roman world — Latin verbum and word-for-word phraseswife, stage 2: Medieval England — wīf to wifwoman, stage 2: Medieval England — wīfman to wommanword, stage 3: England — Old English record before the 12th centuryçay, stage 3: Turkey Turkish record — 2023 dictionary edition–todayétymologie, stage 1: Ancient Greek learned tradition — Hellenistic and later Greekétymologie, stage 2: Latin grammatical tradition — antiquity–medieval Europeétymologie, stage 3: Old French textual record — c. 1175–1188étymologie, stage 4: French technical specialization — 1529–1756étymon, stage 1: Later Ancient Greek learned usage — Hellenistic and Roman periodsétymon, stage 2: Latin scholarly transmission — antiquity–medieval learned useétymon, stage 3: French lexicographic record — 1892μυς, stage 4: Modern Greece — current anatomical usageчай, stage 3: Russian-language record — Vasmer dictionary recordստոյգ, stage 3: Historical Armenian lexicography — 19th-century dictionaries–todayچای, stage 3: Persian-language record — Dehkhoda lexicographic record–todayἐτήτυμος, stage 3: Ancient Greek poetic usage — Archaic–Classical recordἔτυμος, stage 3: Later Greek learned usage — Hellenistic and Roman-period records
REGIONAL PLACEMENTAPPROXIMATE / RECONSTRUCTED REGIONGLOBAL OR UNLOCATED — NO SINGLE PIN

This is not a GPS trace. Lines appear only when adjacent stages in one selected route both have defensible points. A global stage is not pinned even when a legacy coordinate names the route’s point of departure. Missing locations break the line.

02

ROUTE-BY-ROUTE SEQUENCE TIMELINES

214 MATCHING WORD JOURNEYS

PAGE 21 / 27
134

REVIEWED WORD JOURNEY

regal

OPEN DOSSIER ↗
4STAGES1HONEST PINS3NO SINGLE PIN
  1. 01
    *h₃reg̑- to lengthened *rēg-NO SINGLE PIN

    Indo-European linguistic horizon

    The ruler and king formation develops within the straight-direct family.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  2. 02
    Latin rēx to rēgālisNO SINGLE PIN

    Roman linguistic world

    The king noun supplies a kingly adjective.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  3. 03
    Old French or Anglo-French transmissionbroad placement

    France and England

    Regal reaches Middle English through a reported French channel, with direct Latin transmission also allowed by one authority.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  4. 04
    15th century–todayNO SINGLE PIN

    Global English

    Regal remains monarch-centered while developing splendid and magnificent senses.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
131

REVIEWED WORD JOURNEY

regular

OPEN DOSSIER ↗
4STAGES1HONEST PINS3NO SINGLE PIN
  1. 01
    *h₃reg̑- to *rēg-olā-NO SINGLE PIN

    Indo-European linguistic horizon

    The straight-piece formation supplies the deep base of rēgula.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  2. 02
    Latin rēgula to Late Latin rēgulārisNO SINGLE PIN

    Late Roman linguistic world

    An adjective meaning according to rule develops from the straightedge-and-rule noun.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  3. 03
    Anglo-French reguler to Middle English regulerbroad placement

    France and England

    The rule-governed adjective enters English, initially prominent in religious-rule contexts.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  4. 04
    14th century–todayNO SINGLE PIN

    Global English

    Regular expands from rule conformity into order, recurrence, standard patterns, and normality.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
132

REVIEWED WORD JOURNEY

regulate

OPEN DOSSIER ↗
4STAGES1HONEST PINS3NO SINGLE PIN
  1. 01
    *h₃reg̑- to *rēg-olā-NO SINGLE PIN

    Indo-European linguistic horizon

    The straight-piece formation supplies Latin rēgula.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  2. 02
    rēgula to regulāre and regulātusNO SINGLE PIN

    Late Roman linguistic world

    A verb meaning direct according to rule and its participle develop in Late Latin.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  3. 03
    Middle English regulateregional placement

    England

    The Late Latin formation enters English as a governance-and-order verb.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  4. 04
    15th century–todayNO SINGLE PIN

    Global English

    Regulate broadens across law, administration, mechanisms, rates, and biological control.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
136

REVIEWED WORD JOURNEY

rich

OPEN DOSSIER ↗
5STAGES2HONEST PINS3NO SINGLE PIN
  1. 01
    *h₃reg̑- to lengthened *rēg-NO SINGLE PIN

    Indo-European linguistic horizon

    The straight-and-rule family develops a ruler or king grade.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  2. 02
    Celtic *rīg-yo- to Germanic *rīkja-NO SINGLE PIN

    Celtic and Germanic linguistic horizons

    A kingly or powerful formation is borrowed from reconstructed Celtic into reconstructed Germanic.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  3. 03
    Old English rīceregional placement

    England

    The Germanic formation is recorded in an English adjective meaning strong or powerful.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  4. 04
    Old French riche and Middle English richebroad placement

    France and England

    French and English family material converge in the medieval word while sharing the same deeper Germanic ancestry.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  5. 05
    before 12th century–todayNO SINGLE PIN

    Global English

    Rich develops from power and wealth into abundance, value, productivity, color, flavor, and intensity.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
129

REVIEWED WORD JOURNEY

right

OPEN DOSSIER ↗
4STAGES1HONEST PINS3NO SINGLE PIN
  1. 01
    *h₃reg̑- to *reg-to-NO SINGLE PIN

    Indo-European linguistic horizon

    The reconstructed straight-and-direct root produces a right or straight formation.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  2. 02
    reconstructed *rehtazNO SINGLE PIN

    Germanic linguistic horizon

    The right, just, correct, and straight adjective develops in Germanic.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  3. 03
    Old English riht to Middle English rightregional placement

    England

    The inherited word carries geometric, moral, factual, and directional senses through recorded English.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  4. 04
    before 12th century–todayNO SINGLE PIN

    Global English

    Right remains a dense cluster of correct, just, suitable, straight, and directional meanings.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
018

REVIEWED WORD JOURNEY

robot

OPEN DOSSIER ↗
4STAGES2HONEST PINS2NO SINGLE PIN
  1. 01
    prehistoricNO SINGLE PIN

    Reconstructed Proto-Slavic speech communities

    University of Warsaw reconstructs Proto-Slavic *orbota and derives the North Slavic robota forms through an initial metathesis. The route does not turn that distributed comparative reconstruction into a single homeland point.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  2. 02
    1920 R.U.R. coinageregional placement

    Prague

    Karel Čapek used robot in the 1920 Czech play R.U.R.; Merriam-Webster reports that his brother Josef suggested the name from Czech robota “forced labor.”

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  3. 03
    1922 first-use horizon; inspected 1923 editionregional placement

    English-language R.U.R. translation and print

    Merriam-Webster reports English robot in 1922 through translation of R.U.R. A separately preserved 1923 English edition was directly inspected: its photographed title page prints “Rossum’s Universal Robots,” but SET-U does not mislabel that object as the first English use.

    2 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  4. 04
    1922 core word onward; later extensionsNO SINGLE PIN

    English-language robot senses

    The fictional artificial worker becomes the English term for machines performing tasks, automatic mechanisms, and people behaving in a mechanical or unfeeling way. The route leaves software and other later uses to their own evidence instead of assigning all extensions to 1922.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
133

REVIEWED WORD JOURNEY

royal

OPEN DOSSIER ↗
4STAGES1HONEST PINS3NO SINGLE PIN
  1. 01
    *h₃reg̑- to lengthened *rēg-NO SINGLE PIN

    Indo-European linguistic horizon

    The ruler and king formation develops within the straight-direct family.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  2. 02
    Latin rēx to rēgālisNO SINGLE PIN

    Roman linguistic world

    The king noun supplies a kingly or royal adjective.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  3. 03
    Anglo-French roial to Middle English roialbroad placement

    France and England

    The monarch adjective crosses into English through French.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  4. 04
    14th century–todayNO SINGLE PIN

    Global English

    Royal expands from monarch and crown relations into magnificence, superiority, and intensification.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
130

REVIEWED WORD JOURNEY

rule

OPEN DOSSIER ↗
4STAGES1HONEST PINS3NO SINGLE PIN
  1. 01
    *h₃reg̑- to *rēg-olā-NO SINGLE PIN

    Indo-European linguistic horizon

    A reconstructed straight-piece formation develops under the straight-and-direct root.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  2. 02
    Latin rēgulaNO SINGLE PIN

    Roman linguistic world

    A straightedge or ruler also names a guide or principle.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  3. 03
    Anglo-French reule to Middle English reulebroad placement

    France and England

    The physical and abstract rule word crosses through French into English.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
  4. 04
    13th century–todayNO SINGLE PIN

    Global English

    Rule spans standards, procedures, authority, law, measurement, and customary patterns.

    1 DIRECT CITATIONS ↗
03

WHAT THIS MAP CAN AND CANNOT CLAIM

GEOGRAPHIC HONESTY IS PART OF THE DATA.

REGIONAL

A defensible cultural or linguistic region can be plotted, but the point summarizes an area rather than an exact address.

APPROXIMATE

A reconstructed homeland or contact zone is placed only as a broad visual orientation and uses a distinct dashed marker.

BROAD / GLOBAL

A distributed network, era, or world language has no honest single coordinate. It remains in the sequence and off the map.

TIME BOUNDS

Directly cited stages may carry exact, range, century, circa, open, or before bounds. Unbounded prose stays unparsed.

SOURCE FRONTIER

959 stages have claim-level citations and 578 have defensible numeric bounds. Every uncited or unbounded stage remains visible unfinished work.