*SET-U

PERMANENT JOURNEY RECORD / 798

COMPLETE ROUTE ↗
STAGE 02uncertainNO SINGLE PIN

*fi(j)ēn- and *fi(j)and-

Proto-Germanic linguistic horizon

vijand DOSSIER ↗
THE REVIEWED ROUTE CLAIM

The hate verb and lexicalized participial enemy noun are comparative reconstructions shared across Germanic branches.

COORDINATES STORED
NO
HONEST TO PLOT
NO
PLACEMENT MODE
uncertain
TIME PRECISION
range
NUMERIC TIME BOUND
YES
CLAIM CITATIONS
3
THE TEMPORAL CLAIM

THIS STAGE ENTERS THE TIMELINE.

Comparative bounds, not directly dated spoken tokens.

PLACE IN GLOBAL CHRONOLOGY ↗
DIRECT STAGE-LEVEL PROVENANCE

AUDIT THE ROUTE CLAIM.

Every source below identifies its exact stance, locator, and evidentiary contribution.

  1. supports

    Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic — *fi(j)ēn- and *fi(j)and-

    Publishes the reconstructed Germanic verb and agent noun.

    p. 140, *fi(j)ēn- and *fi(j)and-AUDIT SOURCE ↗
  2. context

    On the syntax of the Agent nouns in Gothic: the case of nd-formations

    Documents the formation and category overlap in comparative analysis.

    pp. 47–49, nd-formations and lexicalizationAUDIT SOURCE ↗
  3. context

    Etymologisch Woordenboek van het Nederlands — vijand

    Supplies the Dutch-centered comparative family.

    EWN Germanic descendant setAUDIT SOURCE ↗