PERMANENT JOURNEY RECORD / 180
COMPLETE ROUTE ↗STAGE 03regionalMAPPABLE REGION
Cicero’s 44 BCE semantic testimony
Rome
hostis DOSSIER ↗Cicero explicitly contrasts the ancestral outsider sense with the later armed-enemy restriction.
- COORDINATES STORED
- YES
- HONEST TO PLOT
- YES
- PLACEMENT MODE
- regional
- TIME PRECISION
- exact
- NUMERIC TIME BOUND
- YES
- CLAIM CITATIONS
- 1
THIS STAGE ENTERS THE TIMELINE.
The year locates Cicero’s De officiis testimony, not the beginning of either sense.
PLACE IN GLOBAL CHRONOLOGY ↗DIRECT STAGE-LEVEL PROVENANCE
AUDIT THE ROUTE CLAIM.
Every source below identifies its exact stance, locator, and evidentiary contribution.
- supports
hostis — Lewis and Short Latin Dictionary
Provides the located 44 BCE testimony contrasting ancestral and later senses.
Cicero, De officiis 1.12.37AUDIT SOURCE ↗