Source etymology 1
Original entry ↗verb
To confine to a yard.
noun
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryA small, usually uncultivated area adjoining or (now especially) within the precincts of a house or other building. · The property surrounding one's house, typically dominated by one's lawn. · An enclosed outdoors area designated for a specific purpose, e.g. on farms, railways etc. · A place where moose or deer herd together in winter for pasture, protection, etc.
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *gʰerdʰ- Proto-Indo-European *-os Proto-Indo-European *gʰórdʰos Proto-Germanic *gardaz Proto-West Germanic *gard Old English ġeard Middle English yerd English yard From Middle English yerd, yard, ȝerd, ȝeard, from Old English ġeard (“yard, garden, fence, enclosure”), from Proto-West Germanic *gard, from Proto-Germanic *gardaz (“enclosure, yard”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰórdʰos, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰerdʰ- (“to enclose”). See also North Frisian guard, Guart (“garden, yard”), Dutch gaard, gaarde (“garden, yard”), German Garten (“garden, yard”), Danish, Swedish gård (“farm, estate, land; court, yard”), Faroese, Icelandic garður (“garden; fence”), Norn gart (“farm”), Norwegian Bokmål, Norwegian Nynorsk gard, gård (“farm; townhouse”), Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌳𐍃 (gards, “court, yard; house”), Lithuanian gardas (“pen, enclosure”), Russian го́род (górod, “town”), Serbo-Croatian grad (“town”), Slovene grad (“castle”), Albanian gardh (“fence”), Romanian gard (“fence”), Avestan 𐬔𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬛𐬵𐬀 (gərədha, “dev's cave”), Sanskrit गृह (gṛha, “house, habitation, home, dwelling”)), Medieval Latin gardinus, jardinus (“garden, yard”). Doublet of garden, garth, and gord.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Inherited-form mentionyerdenm
- Inherited-form mentionġeardang · yard, garden, fence, enclosure
- Inherited-form mention*gardgmw-pro
- Inherited-form mention*gardazgem-pro · enclosure, yard
- Inherited-form mention*gʰórdʰosine-pro
- Derivation mention*gʰerdʰ-ine-pro · to enclose
- Cognate mentionguardfrr
- Cognate mentiongaardnl
- Cognate mentionGartende · garden, yard
- Cognate mentiongårdsv · farm, estate, land; court, yard
- Cognate mentiongarðuris · garden; fence
- Cognate mentiongartnrn · farm
- Cognate mentiongardnn
- Cognate mention𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌳𐍃got · court, yard; house
- Cognate mentiongardaslt
- Cognate mentionго́родru
- Cognate mentiongradsh
- Cognate mentiongradsl
- Cognate mentiongardhsq · fence
- Cognate mentiongardro · fence
- Cognate mention𐬔𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬛𐬵𐬀ae · dev's cave
- Cognate mentionगृहsa · house, habitation, home, dwelling
- Doublet mentiongardenen
- Doublet mentiongarthen
- Doublet mentiongorden
This page abbreviates 1 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:yerd<id:yard>",
"id": "enclosure",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *gʰerdʰ-\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *gʰórdʰos\nProto-Germanic *gardaz\nProto-West Germanic *gard\nOld English ġeard\nMiddle English yerd\nEnglish yard\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*gardaz\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*gard\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"ġeard\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"yerd\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"yard\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"enclosure\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"yard\" id=\"English:_enclosure\">"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "yerd"
},
"expansion": "Middle English yerd"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ġeard",
"t": "yard, garden, fence, enclosure"
},
"expansion": "Old English ġeard (“yard, garden, fence, enclosure”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*gard"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *gard"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*gardaz",
"t": "enclosure, yard"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gardaz (“enclosure, yard”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʰórdʰos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰórdʰos"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʰerdʰ-",
"t": "to enclose"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰerdʰ- (“to enclose”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "guard"
},
"expansion": "North Frisian guard"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gaard"
},
"expansion": "Dutch gaard"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Garten",
"t": "garden, yard"
},
"expansion": "German Garten (“garden, yard”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Danish"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gård",
"t": "farm, estate, land; court, yard"
},
"expansion": "Swedish gård (“farm, estate, land; court, yard”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Faroese"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "garður",
"t": "garden; fence"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic garður (“garden; fence”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nrn",
"2": "gart",
"t": "farm"
},
"expansion": "Norn gart (“farm”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "gard"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk gard"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌳𐍃",
"t": "court, yard; house"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌳𐍃 (gards, “court, yard; house”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "gardas",
"3": "",
"4": "pen, enclosure"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian gardas (“pen, enclosure”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "го́род",
"3": "",
"4": "town"
},
"expansion": "Russian го́род (górod, “town”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "grad",
"3": "",
"4": "town"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian grad (“town”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "grad",
"3": "",
"4": "castle"
},
"expansion": "Slovene grad (“castle”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "gardh",
"t": "fence"
},
"expansion": "Albanian gardh (“fence”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "gard",
"t": "fence"
},
"expansion": "Romanian gard (“fence”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬔𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬛𐬵𐬀",
"t": "dev's cave"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬔𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬛𐬵𐬀 (gərədha, “dev's cave”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "गृह",
"t": "house, habitation, home, dwelling"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit गृह (gṛha, “house, habitation, home, dwelling”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "la-med",
"2": "gardinus"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin gardinus"
},
{
"name": "doublet",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "garden",
"3": "garth",
"4": "gord"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of garden, garth, and gord"
},
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:yerd<id:yard>",
"id": "enclosure",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *gʰerdʰ-\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *gʰórdʰos\nProto-Germanic *gardaz\nProto-West Germanic *gard\nOld English ġeard\nMiddle English yerd\nEnglish yard"
}
],
"links": [
[
"*gʰerdʰ-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʰerdʰ-#Proto-Indo-European:_enclose"
],
[
"*-os",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-os#Proto-Indo-European:_thematic"
],
[
"*gʰórdʰos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʰórdʰos#Proto-Indo-European:_circle"
],
[
"*gardaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gardaz#Proto-Germanic:_enclosure"
],
[
"*gard",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/gard#Proto-West_Germanic:_enclosure"
],
[
"ġeard",
"geard#Old_English:_enclosure"
],
[
"yerd",
"yerd#Middle_English:_yard"
],
[
"yerd",
"yerd#Middle_English"
],
[
"yard",
"yard#Middle_English"
],
[
"ȝerd",
"ȝerd#Middle_English"
],
[
"ȝeard",
"ȝeard#Middle_English"
],
[
"ġeard",
"geard#Old_English"
],
[
"*gard",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/gard"
],
[
"*gardaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gardaz"
],
[
"*gʰórdʰos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʰórdʰos"
],
[
"*gʰerdʰ-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʰerdʰ-"
],
[
"guard",
"guard#North_Frisian"
],
[
"Guart",
"Guart#North_Frisian"
],
[
"gaard",
"gaard#Dutch"
],
[
"gaarde",
"gaarde#Dutch"
],
[
"Garten",
"Garten#German"
],
[
"gård",
"gård#Swedish"
],
[
"garður",
"garður#Icelandic"
],
[
"gart",
"gart#Norn"
],
[
"gard",
"gard#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
],
[
"gård",
"gård#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
],
[
"𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌳𐍃",
"𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌳𐍃#Gothic"
],
[
"gardas",
"gardas#Lithuanian"
],
[
"го́род",
"город#Russian"
],
[
"grad",
"grad#Serbo-Croatian"
],
[
"grad",
"grad#Slovene"
],
[
"gardh",
"gardh#Albanian"
],
[
"gard",
"gard#Romanian"
],
[
"𐬔𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬛𐬵𐬀",
"𐬔𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬛𐬵𐬀#Avestan"
],
[
"गृह",
"गृह#Sanskrit"
],
[
"gardinus",
"gardinus#Latin"
],
[
"jardinus",
"jardinus#Latin"
],
[
"garden",
"garden#English"
],
[
"garth",
"garth#English"
],
[
"gord",
"gord#English"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "verb",
"glosses": [
"To confine to a yard."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"recordId": "04fd0486b1eeebff94970140aba9402dc65628226af5f82c202f82a080a5ce1b",
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"sourceRecordOrdinal": 177167
},
{
"pos": "noun",
"glosses": [
"A small, usually uncultivated area adjoining or (now especially) within the precincts of a house or other building.",
"The property surrounding one's house, typically dominated by one's lawn.",
"An enclosed outdoors area designated for a specific purpose, e.g. on farms, railways etc.",
"A place where moose or deer herd together in winter for pasture, protection, etc."
],
"tags": [
"Australia",
"Canada",
"US"
],
"recordId": "05d8d74c1563dc16ff6881bd45599f07d2f1b4a08479e704a3388728a34d4011",
"rawRecordSha256": "8f336a1f49225ac973ca81a19bc08d46140b1cc9d6425ca0310d587182823179",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 177166
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
"templates": 0,
"links": 0,
"references": 0,
"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 1,
"glosses": 0
}
}