Source etymology 1
Original entry ↗verb
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryUsed to express the future tense, sometimes with an implication of volition or determination when used in the first person. Compare shall. · To be able to, to have the capacity to. · Expressing a present tense or perfect tense with some conditional or subjective weakening: "will turn out to", "must by inference". · To habitually do (a given action).
From Middle English willen, wullen, wollen, from Old English willan (“to want”), from Proto-West Germanic *willjan, from Proto-Germanic *wiljaną, from Proto-Indo-European *welh₁- (“to choose, wish”). Cognates Cognate with Yola ill, weel, well, will, woul, wull (“will”), North Frisian wale, wel (“to want”), Saterland Frisian and West Frisian wolle (“to want”), Alemannic German and Central Franconian welle (“to want”), Cimbrian béllan, bölln (“to want”), Dutch willen (“to want”), German wollen (“to want”), Low German wüllen (“to want; will”), Luxembourgish wëllen (“to want”), Yiddish וועלן (veln, “to want”), Danish and Norwegian Bokmål ville (“to want”), Faroese, Icelandic, and Swedish vilja (“to want”), Jamtish vili (“to want; wish”), Norwegian Nynorsk vilja, vilje (“want; will”), Gothic 𐍅𐌹𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 (wiljan, “to want”); also Latin velle (“wish”, verb), voleō, volo (“to please, to wish; to want”), French vouloir (“to want”), Italian volere (“to want”), Irish fleá, fleadh (“feast”), Scottish Gaelic fleadh (“feast”), Welsh gwledd (“banquet, feast”), Lithuanian viltis (“to hope; to rely; to expect”), Czech velet (“to command”), volit (“to choose; to elect”), Polish woleć (“to prefer”), Russian во́ля (vólja, “freedom”), во́льный (vólʹnyj, “free”), веле́ть (velétʹ, “to command, to enjoin, to order”), Ukrainian воля (volja, “freedom, liberty, will”), вільний (vilʹnyj, “free”), веліти (velity, “to will, to order, to command”), воліти (volity, “to will, to prefer”), Old Armenian գեղձ (gełj, “desire, wish”), Sanskrit वृणीते (vṛṇīte), वृणोति (vṛṇoti, “to choose”). The verb is not always distinguishable from Etymology 3, below. (indicating future action): Compare typologically Bulgarian ще (šte), Macedonian ќе (ḱe), Serbo-Croatian хтети (< Proto-Slavic *xotěti).
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Root classification mention*welh₁-ine-pro
- Inherited-form mentionwillenenm
- Inherited-form mentionwillanang
- Inherited-form mention*willjangmw-pro
- Inherited-form mention*wiljanągem-pro
- Derivation mention*welh₁-ine-pro
- Cognate mentionillyol
- Cognate mentionwalefrr
- Cognate mentionbéllancim
- Cognate mentionwillennl · to want
- Cognate mentionwollende · to want
- Cognate mentionwüllennds · to want; will
- Cognate mentionwëllenlb · to want
- Cognate mentionוועלןyi · to want
- Cognate mentionviligmq-jmk · to want; wish
- Cognate mentionviljann
- Cognate mention𐍅𐌹𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽got · to want
- Cognate mentionvellela · wish
- Cognate mentionvouloirfr · to want
- Cognate mentionvolereit · to want
- Cognate mentionfleága
- Cognate mentionfleadhgd · feast
- Cognate mentiongwleddcy · banquet, feast
- Cognate mentionviltislt · to hope; to rely; to expect
- Cognate mentionveletcs · to command
- Cognate mentionwolećpl · to prefer
- Cognate mentionво́ляru · freedom
- Cognate mentionволяuk · freedom, liberty, will
- Cognate mentionգեղձxcl · desire, wish
- Cognate mentionवृणीतेsa
This page abbreviates 4 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "root",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*welh₁-"
},
"expansion": ""
},
{
"name": "ety",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:willen<id:want>",
"id": "modal"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*welh₁-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*wiljaną\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*willjan\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"willan\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"willen\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"will\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"modal\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"will\" id=\"English:_modal\">"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "willen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English willen"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "willan",
"4": "",
"5": "to want"
},
"expansion": "Old English willan (“to want”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*willjan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *willjan"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*wiljaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wiljaną"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*welh₁-",
"4": "",
"5": "to choose, wish"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *welh₁- (“to choose, wish”)"
},
{
"name": "col-top",
"args": {
"1": "2",
"2": "cog"
},
"expansion": "Cognates"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "ill"
},
"expansion": "Yola ill"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "wale"
},
"expansion": "North Frisian wale"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "stq,fy",
"2": "wolle",
"t": "to want"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian and West Frisian wolle (“to want”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "gsw,gmw-cfr",
"2": "welle",
"t": "to want"
},
"expansion": "Alemannic German and Central Franconian welle (“to want”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "cim",
"2": "béllan"
},
"expansion": "Cimbrian béllan"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "willen",
"t": "to want"
},
"expansion": "Dutch willen (“to want”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "wollen",
"t": "to want"
},
"expansion": "German wollen (“to want”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "wüllen",
"t": "to want; will"
},
"expansion": "Low German wüllen (“to want; will”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "wëllen",
"t": "to want"
},
"expansion": "Luxembourgish wëllen (“to want”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "yi",
"2": "וועלן",
"t": "to want"
},
"expansion": "Yiddish וועלן (veln, “to want”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "da,nb",
"2": "ville",
"t": "to want"
},
"expansion": "Danish and Norwegian Bokmål ville (“to want”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fo,is,sv",
"2": "vilja",
"t": "to want"
},
"expansion": "Faroese, Icelandic, and Swedish vilja (“to want”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "gmq-jmk",
"2": "vili",
"t": "to want; wish"
},
"expansion": "Jamtish vili (“to want; wish”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "vilja"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk vilja"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍅𐌹𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽",
"t": "to want"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐍅𐌹𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 (wiljan, “to want”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "velle",
"t": "wish",
"pos": "verb"
},
"expansion": "Latin velle (“wish”, verb)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "vouloir",
"t": "to want"
},
"expansion": "French vouloir (“to want”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "volere",
"t": "to want"
},
"expansion": "Italian volere (“to want”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "fleá"
},
"expansion": "Irish fleá"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "fleadh",
"t": "feast"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic fleadh (“feast”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "gwledd",
"t": "banquet, feast"
},
"expansion": "Welsh gwledd (“banquet, feast”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "viltis",
"t": "to hope; to rely; to expect"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian viltis (“to hope; to rely; to expect”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "velet",
"t": "to command"
},
"expansion": "Czech velet (“to command”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "woleć",
"t": "to prefer"
},
"expansion": "Polish woleć (“to prefer”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "во́ля",
"t": "freedom"
},
"expansion": "Russian во́ля (vólja, “freedom”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "воля",
"t": "freedom, liberty, will"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian воля (volja, “freedom, liberty, will”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "գեղձ",
"t": "desire, wish"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian գեղձ (gełj, “desire, wish”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "वृणीते"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit वृणीते (vṛṇīte)"
},
{
"name": "sense",
"args": {
"1": "indicating future action"
},
"expansion": "(indicating future action):"
},
{
"name": "m+",
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "ще"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian ще (šte)"
},
{
"name": "m+",
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "ќе"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian ќе (ḱe)"
},
{
"name": "m+",
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "хтети"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian хтети"
},
{
"name": "m+",
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*xotěti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *xotěti"
},
{
"name": "ety",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:willen<id:want>",
"id": "modal"
},
"expansion": ""
}
],
"links": [
[
"willen",
"willen#Middle_English"
],
[
"wullen",
"wullen#Middle_English"
],
[
"wollen",
"wollen#Middle_English"
],
[
"willan",
"willan#Old_English"
],
[
"*willjan",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/willjan"
],
[
"*wiljaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wiljaną"
],
[
"*welh₁-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/welh₁-"
],
[
"ill",
"ill#Yola"
],
[
"weel",
"weel#Yola"
],
[
"well",
"well#Yola"
],
[
"will",
"will#Yola"
],
[
"woul",
"woul#Yola"
],
[
"wull",
"wull#Yola"
],
[
"wale",
"wale#North_Frisian"
],
[
"wel",
"wel#North_Frisian"
],
[
"Saterland Frisian",
"wolle#Saterland_Frisian"
],
[
"wolle",
"wolle#West_Frisian"
],
[
"Alemannic German",
"welle#Alemannic_German"
],
[
"welle",
"welle#Central_Franconian"
],
[
"béllan",
"béllan#Cimbrian"
],
[
"bölln",
"bölln#Cimbrian"
],
[
"willen",
"willen#Dutch"
],
[
"wollen",
"wollen#German"
],
[
"wüllen",
"wüllen#Low_German"
],
[
"wëllen",
"wëllen#Luxembourgish"
],
[
"וועלן",
"וועלן#Yiddish"
],
[
"Danish",
"ville#Danish"
],
[
"ville",
"ville#Norwegian_Bokmål"
],
[
"Faroese",
"vilja#Faroese"
],
[
"Icelandic",
"vilja#Icelandic"
],
[
"vilja",
"vilja#Swedish"
],
[
"vili",
"vili#Jamtish"
],
[
"vilja",
"vilja#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
],
[
"vilje",
"vilje#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
],
[
"𐍅𐌹𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽",
"𐍅𐌹𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽#Gothic"
],
[
"velle",
"velle#Latin"
],
[
"voleō",
"voleo#Latin"
],
[
"volo",
"volo#Latin"
],
[
"vouloir",
"vouloir#French"
],
[
"volere",
"volere#Italian"
],
[
"fleá",
"fleá#Irish"
],
[
"fleadh",
"fleadh#Irish"
],
[
"fleadh",
"fleadh#Scottish_Gaelic"
],
[
"gwledd",
"gwledd#Welsh"
],
[
"viltis",
"viltis#Lithuanian"
],
[
"velet",
"velet#Czech"
],
[
"volit",
"volit#Czech"
],
[
"woleć",
"woleć#Polish"
],
[
"во́ля",
"воля#Russian"
],
[
"во́льный",
"вольный#Russian"
],
[
"веле́ть",
"велеть#Russian"
],
[
"воля",
"воля#Ukrainian"
],
[
"вільний",
"вільний#Ukrainian"
],
[
"веліти",
"веліти#Ukrainian"
],
[
"воліти",
"воліти#Ukrainian"
],
[
"գեղձ",
"գեղձ#Old_Armenian"
],
[
"वृणीते",
"वृणीते#Sanskrit"
],
[
"वृणोति",
"वृणोति#Sanskrit"
],
[
"ще",
"ще#Bulgarian"
],
[
"ќе",
"ќе#Macedonian"
],
[
"хтети",
"хтети#Serbo-Croatian"
],
[
"*xotěti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/xotěti"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"word": "ウイル",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
}
],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "verb",
"glosses": [
"Used to express the future tense, sometimes with an implication of volition or determination when used in the first person. Compare shall.",
"To be able to, to have the capacity to.",
"Expressing a present tense or perfect tense with some conditional or subjective weakening: \"will turn out to\", \"must by inference\".",
"To habitually do (a given action)."
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary",
"no-past-participle"
],
"recordId": "feb69f582e404223d9e18d3ac779a950f99cc332fe8971dec9fb0bb7059354eb",
"rawRecordSha256": "63545cba320e70d5b1d9451083800d36230977699b4cc0ae00c35688254f6b35",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 147795
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
"templates": 0,
"links": 0,
"references": 0,
"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 4,
"glosses": 0
}
}