*SET-U

English word origin

Etymology of rusty

From Middle English rusty, from Old English rūstiġ (“rusty”), from Proto-Germanic *rustagaz (“rusty”), equivalent to rust + -y. Cognate with Saterland Frisian rusterch (“rusty”), West Frisian rustich, roastich (“rusty”),

3 source sectionsExtended source reportWiktionary original ↗
In this entry · 3 source sections

The source etymologies

Wiktionary via Kaikki / Wiktextract

The source reports below are imported and unreviewed by *SET-U. Separate numbered origins and differing source variants are preserved; agreement within this extraction is not independent corroboration.

Source etymology 1

Original entry ↗
adj

Marked or corroded by rust. · Of the rust color, reddish or reddish-brown. · Lacking recent experience, out of practice, especially with respect to a skill or activity. · Of clothing, especially dark clothing: worn, shabby.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

From Middle English rusty, from Old English rūstiġ (“rusty”), from Proto-Germanic *rustagaz (“rusty”), equivalent to rust + -y. Cognate with Saterland Frisian rusterch (“rusty”), West Frisian rustich, roastich (“rusty”), Dutch roestig (“rusty”), German Low German rusterig, rüsterig (“rusty”), German rostig (“rusty”), Swedish rostig (“rusty”).

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

  • Inherited-form mentionrustyenm
  • Inherited-form mentionrūstiġang · rusty
  • Inherited-form mention*rustagazgem-pro · rusty
  • Word-formation componentrusten
  • Word-formation component-yen
  • Cognate mentionrusterchstq · rusty
  • Cognate mentionrustichfy
  • Cognate mentionroestignl · rusty
  • Cognate mentionrostigde · rusty
  • Cognate mentionrostigsv · rusty

This page abbreviates 1 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "rusty"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English rusty"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "rūstiġ",
        "t": "rusty"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English rūstiġ (“rusty”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*rustagaz",
        "t": "rusty"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rustagaz (“rusty”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "af",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "rust",
        "3": "-y"
      },
      "expansion": "rust + -y"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "stq",
        "2": "rusterch",
        "t": "rusty"
      },
      "expansion": "Saterland Frisian rusterch (“rusty”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "fy",
        "2": "rustich"
      },
      "expansion": "West Frisian rustich"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "roestig",
        "t": "rusty"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch roestig (“rusty”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "nds-de",
        "2": "rusterig"
      },
      "expansion": "German Low German rusterig"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "rostig",
        "t": "rusty"
      },
      "expansion": "German rostig (“rusty”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "rostig",
        "t": "rusty"
      },
      "expansion": "Swedish rostig (“rusty”)"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "rusty",
      "rusty#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "rūstiġ",
      "rustig#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "*rustagaz",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/rustagaz"
    ],
    [
      "rust",
      "rust#English"
    ],
    [
      "-y",
      "-y#English"
    ],
    [
      "rusterch",
      "rusterch#Saterland_Frisian"
    ],
    [
      "rustich",
      "rustich#West_Frisian"
    ],
    [
      "roastich",
      "roastich#West_Frisian"
    ],
    [
      "roestig",
      "roestig#Dutch"
    ],
    [
      "rusterig",
      "rusterig#Low_German"
    ],
    [
      "rüsterig",
      "rüsterig#Low_German"
    ],
    [
      "rostig",
      "rostig#German"
    ],
    [
      "rostig",
      "rostig#Swedish"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "adj",
      "glosses": [
        "Marked or corroded by rust.",
        "Of the rust color, reddish or reddish-brown.",
        "Lacking recent experience, out of practice, especially with respect to a skill or activity.",
        "Of clothing, especially dark clothing: worn, shabby."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "historical"
      ],
      "recordId": "5d5f99d9767e3fda634ac3726bc7595a151f4708fdd8e1d19827eb45659f92fd",
      "rawRecordSha256": "8f93cba5ad3fa1d9bb1374d804e34d28cc7e9515315f96af24fff57150e64c9a",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 183171
    }
  ],
  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
    "templates": 0,
    "links": 0,
    "references": 0,
    "descendants": 0,
    "lexicalRecords": 0,
    "lexicalSenses": 1,
    "glosses": 0
  }
}

Source etymology 2

Original entry ↗
noun

A gun or in particular an old or worn one.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

Ellipsis of rusty one more often used for this, or from the general epithet rusty given to various particular firearm names—earlier both were applied in Cockney rhyming slang for other machines, including swords in their day, but the present coinage has not more than a loose connection to this and is from the preference for used or antique firearms due to their being easier or cheaper to obtain.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "ellipsis",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "rusty one"
      },
      "expansion": "Ellipsis of rusty one"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "rusty one",
      "rusty one#English"
    ],
    [
      "Cockney rhyming slang",
      "Cockney rhyming slang"
    ],
    [
      "sword",
      "sword"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "noun",
      "glosses": [
        "A gun or in particular an old or worn one."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Multicultural-London-English",
        "slang",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "recordId": "76d26c7edcaca8f49a8217c26afbddf471d0cb805b73ffbbc219035a4e8ae6d4",
      "rawRecordSha256": "2834ec1694bb96ad16e383b28792cc0d3e068d2656b26e1894d38deffbfd011c",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 183172
    }
  ],
  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
    "templates": 0,
    "links": 0,
    "references": 0,
    "descendants": 0,
    "lexicalRecords": 0,
    "lexicalSenses": 0,
    "glosses": 0
  }
}

Source etymology 3

Original entry ↗
adj

Discolored and rancid; reasty. · Cantankerous

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

Variant form of resty; compare also reasty.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [],
  "links": [
    [
      "resty",
      "resty#English"
    ],
    [
      "reasty",
      "reasty#English"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "adj",
      "glosses": [
        "Discolored and rancid; reasty.",
        "Cantankerous"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "UK",
        "dialectal"
      ],
      "recordId": "54b8ef519ccf1bae7c0279f91406d91d5e9cb8b33b0c0a490eadffae9fe00efc",
      "rawRecordSha256": "1d230f2de50d66a39604b7f12ca15562e56067625b4f69aa531b9a8db86a8b93",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 183173
    }
  ],
  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
    "templates": 0,
    "links": 0,
    "references": 0,
    "descendants": 0,
    "lexicalRecords": 0,
    "lexicalSenses": 0,
    "glosses": 0
  }
}

Where this record stops

This page does not supply an independently verified sound-change sequence, first-use manuscript or complete family tree unless a cited analysis explicitly establishes one. Missing detail here is a limit of this record—not a claim that humanity knows nothing more.

An older meaning does not determine what a word must mean today. Follow the sources, preserve disagreements, and keep ancestry separate from interpretation.

Contribute located evidence for rusty →

Source and snapshot

Imported from Wiktionary contributors; extracted by Tatu Ylonen / Wiktextract / Kaikki.org. Selected fields are reformatted and grouped; wording, source identity and etymology sections are retained. CC-BY-SA-4.0 applies to the imported source material.

Dump: 2026-10-01 · Extracted: 2026-10-30. These are snapshot dates, not the word’s first attestation or the page’s revision date.

Source entry and bibliography ↗Wiktionary revision history ↗Acquisition and rights ledger
Machine-source provenance
Source SHA-256
5ff2c072f8099f2d2ce484bd6957bf179f046d2ad37bc36555edf8bb84cb5291
Import run
73216b9a9b78ed3830994bf853103716f5a4dc57099e371e9f8fdc468facca26
Permanent entry ID
w-cnVzdHk