Source etymology 1
Original entry ↗verb
To look with difficulty, or as if searching for something. · To come in sight; to appear.
noun
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryA look; a glance.
Etymology tree Proto-West Germanic *pūrijan Old English *pȳran Middle English peren English peer From Middle English peren, pyren, piren (“to peer, gaze”), perhaps from Old English *pȳran (“to look, peer”), from Proto-West Germanic *pūrijan (“to look”), related to Saterland Frisian pierje (“to look”), Dutch Low Saxon piren (“to look”), West Flemish pieren (“to look with narrowed eyes, squint at”), Dutch pieren (“to look closely at, examine”), Middle English pouren (“to gaze, look closely”), English pore (“to study meticulously”). Compare also West Frisian pluere (“to peer”), Dutch pluren (“to gaze squintingly”), German Low German plieren (“to blink”), Danish plire (“to peer”), Swedish plira, blira (“to peer”), and thence ultimately related to the root of English blear. The sense meaning "to be visible" is perhaps from a shortening of appear.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Inherited-form mentionperenenm
- Inherited-form mention*pȳranang · to look, peer
- Inherited-form mention*pūrijangmw-pro · to look
- Cognate mentionpierjestq · to look
- Cognate mentionpierenvls · to look with narrowed eyes, squint at
- Cognate mentionpierennl · to look closely at, examine
- Cognate mentionpourenenm · to gaze, look closely
- Cognate mentionporeen · to study meticulously
- Cognate mentionpluerefy · to peer
- Cognate mentionplurennl · to gaze squintingly
- Cognate mentionplireda · to peer
- Cognate mentionplirasv
- Cognate mentionblearen
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
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"templates": [
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:peren<id:peer><ety:inh<ang:*pȳran>>",
"id": "look",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-West Germanic *pūrijan\nOld English *pȳran\nMiddle English peren\nEnglish peer\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"*pȳran\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"peren\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"peer\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"look\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"peer\" id=\"English:_look\">"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "peren"
},
"expansion": "Middle English peren"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "*pȳran",
"t": "to look, peer"
},
"expansion": "Old English *pȳran (“to look, peer”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*pūrijan",
"t": "to look"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *pūrijan (“to look”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "pierje",
"t": "to look"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian pierje (“to look”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nds-nl",
"2": "piren",
"t": "to look"
},
"expansion": "Dutch Low Saxon piren (“to look”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "vls",
"2": "pieren",
"t": "to look with narrowed eyes, squint at"
},
"expansion": "West Flemish pieren (“to look with narrowed eyes, squint at”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "pieren",
"t": "to look closely at, examine"
},
"expansion": "Dutch pieren (“to look closely at, examine”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "pouren",
"t": "to gaze, look closely"
},
"expansion": "Middle English pouren (“to gaze, look closely”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "pore",
"t": "to study meticulously"
},
"expansion": "English pore (“to study meticulously”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "pluere",
"t": "to peer"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian pluere (“to peer”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "pluren",
"t": "to gaze squintingly"
},
"expansion": "Dutch pluren (“to gaze squintingly”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "plieren",
"t": "to blink"
},
"expansion": "German Low German plieren (“to blink”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "plire",
"t": "to peer"
},
"expansion": "Danish plire (“to peer”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "plira"
},
"expansion": "Swedish plira"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "blear"
},
"expansion": "English blear"
},
{
"name": "etymon",
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"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-West Germanic *pūrijan\nOld English *pȳran\nMiddle English peren\nEnglish peer"
}
],
"links": [
[
"*pūrijan",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/pūrijan"
],
[
"*pȳran",
"Reconstruction:Old English/pyran"
],
[
"peren",
"peren#Middle_English:_peer"
],
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"peren",
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],
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],
[
"pieren",
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],
[
"pouren",
"pouren#Middle_English"
],
[
"pore",
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],
[
"pluere",
"pluere#West_Frisian"
],
[
"pluren",
"pluren#Dutch"
],
[
"plieren",
"plieren#Low_German"
],
[
"plire",
"plire#Danish"
],
[
"plira",
"plira#Swedish"
],
[
"blira",
"blira#Swedish"
],
[
"blear",
"blear#English"
],
[
"appear",
"appear#English"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "verb",
"glosses": [
"To look with difficulty, or as if searching for something.",
"To come in sight; to appear."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"obsolete"
],
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"pos": "noun",
"glosses": [
"A look; a glance."
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