*SET-U

English word origin

Etymology of sun

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *sóh₂wl̥der. Proto-Germanic *sunnô Proto-Germanic *sunnǭ Proto-West Germanic *sunnā Old English sunne Middle English sonne English sun From Middle English soen, son, sone, sonne, sun, s

2 source sectionsExtended source reportWiktionary original ↗
In this entry · 2 source sections

The source etymologies

Wiktionary via Kaikki / Wiktextract

The source reports below are imported and unreviewed by *SET-U. Separate numbered origins and differing source variants are preserved; agreement within this extraction is not independent corroboration.

Source etymology 1

Original entry ↗
verb

To expose to the heat and radiation of the sun. · To warm or dry in the sunshine. · To be exposed to the sun. · To expose the eyes to the sun as part of the Bates method.

noun

A star, especially when seen as the centre of any single solar system. · The light and heat which are received from the Sun; sunshine or sunlight. · Something like the sun in brightness or splendor. · Sunrise or sunset.

name

The star that is closest to the Earth.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *sóh₂wl̥der. Proto-Germanic *sunnô Proto-Germanic *sunnǭ Proto-West Germanic *sunnā Old English sunne Middle English sonne English sun From Middle English soen, son, sone, sonne, sun, sune, sunna, sunne, sunnæ, synne, zonne, zunne, from Old English sunna, sunne, sunnu (“sun”), from Proto-West Germanic *sunnā, from Proto-Germanic *sunnǭ (“sun”), from heteroclitic inanimate Proto-Indo-European *sh₂wen-, oblique of Proto-Indo-European *sóh₂wl̥ (“sun”). Cognates Cognate with Scots sun (“sun”), Yola zin (“sun”), North Frisian san, Sen (“sun”), Saterland Frisian Sunne (“sun”), West Frisian sinne (“sun”), Alemannic German ŝchunna, ŝchunnà, sònnò, sunna, sunnu, Sunnä (“sun”), Bavarian Sun, suna, sune, Sunn, sunne (“sun”), Cimbrian sonde, sunn, zunna (“sun”), Dutch zon, zonne (“sun”), German Sonne (“sun”), Limburgish Ṣon, Sonn, zón (“sun”), Low German Sünn, Sünne (“sun”), Luxembourgish Sonn (“sun”), Mòcheno sunn (“sun”), Vilamovian zun, zunn (“sun”), West Flemish zunne (“sun”), Yiddish זון (zun, “sun”), Icelandic sunna (“sun”), Crimean Gothic sune (“sun”), Gothic 𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌽𐍉 (sunnō, “the Sun”); outside of Germanic, Cornish howl (“sun”), Irish súil (“eye; expectation, hope”), Manx sooill (“eye”), Scottish Gaelic sùil (“eye; vision; glance, look; expectation, hope”), Welsh haul, huan (“sun”), Latin sōl (“sun”), Greek ήλιος (ílios, “sun”), Albanian diell (“sun”), Latgalian and Latvian saule (“sun”), Lithuanian saulė (“sun”), Belarusian со́нца (sónca, “sun”), Bulgarian слъ́нце (slắnce, “sun”), Czech slunce (“sun”), Macedonian солнце (solnce), сонце (sonce, “sun”), Polish słońce (“sun”), Russian со́лнце (sólnce, “sun”), Serbo-Croatian су̑нце, sȗnce (“sun”), Slovak slnce (“sun”), Slovene sonce (“sun”), Ukrainian со́нце (sónce, “sun”), Avestan 𐬵𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬭𐬆 (huuar^ə, “sun”), Central Kurdish خۆر (xor, “sun”), Gurani وەر (wer, “sun; front”), Ossetian хор (xor), хур (xur, “sun”), Persian هور (hur), خور (xor / xwar, “sun”), Shughni хӣр (xīr, “sun”), Yaghnobi хур (xur, “sun”), Tocharian B swāñco (“beam, ray, sunbeam”), Hindi सूर्य (sūrya), Sanskrit स्वर् (svar, “sun”). Related to sol, Sol, Surya, and Helios. More at solar.

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

This page abbreviates 4 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "dercat",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro"
      },
      "expansion": ""
    },
    {
      "name": "langname",
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European"
    },
    {
      "name": "word",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine",
        "3": "sóh₂wl̥"
      },
      "expansion": ""
    },
    {
      "name": "etymon",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "enm:sonne",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *sóh₂wl̥der.\nProto-Germanic *sunnô\nProto-Germanic *sunnǭ\nProto-West Germanic *sunnā\nOld English sunne\nMiddle English sonne\nEnglish sun\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"Sun\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*sóh₂wl̥\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*sunnô\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*sunnǭ\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*sunnā\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"sunne\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"sonne\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"sun\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"sun\">"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "soen"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English soen"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "sunna"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English sunna"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*sunnā"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *sunnā"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*sunnǭ",
        "t": "sun"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *sunnǭ (“sun”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*sh₂wen-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *sh₂wen-"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*sóh₂wl̥",
        "t": "sun"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *sóh₂wl̥ (“sun”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "col-top",
      "args": {
        "1": "2",
        "2": "cog"
      },
      "expansion": "Cognates"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "sun",
        "t": "sun"
      },
      "expansion": "Scots sun (“sun”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "yol",
        "2": "zin",
        "t": "sun"
      },
      "expansion": "Yola zin (“sun”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "frr",
        "2": "san"
      },
      "expansion": "North Frisian san"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "stq",
        "2": "Sunne",
        "t": "sun"
      },
      "expansion": "Saterland Frisian Sunne (“sun”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "fy",
        "2": "sinne",
        "t": "sun"
      },
      "expansion": "West Frisian sinne (“sun”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "gsw",
        "2": "ŝchunna"
      },
      "expansion": "Alemannic German ŝchunna"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "bar",
        "2": "Sun"
      },
      "expansion": "Bavarian Sun"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "cim",
        "2": "sonde"
      },
      "expansion": "Cimbrian sonde"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "zon"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch zon"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Sonne",
        "t": "sun"
      },
      "expansion": "German Sonne (“sun”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "li",
        "2": "Ṣon"
      },
      "expansion": "Limburgish Ṣon"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "nds",
        "2": "Sünn"
      },
      "expansion": "Low German Sünn"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "lb",
        "2": "Sonn",
        "t": "sun"
      },
      "expansion": "Luxembourgish Sonn (“sun”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "mhn",
        "2": "sunn",
        "t": "sun"
      },
      "expansion": "Mòcheno sunn (“sun”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "wym",
        "2": "zun"
      },
      "expansion": "Vilamovian zun"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "vls",
        "2": "zunne",
        "t": "sun"
      },
      "expansion": "West Flemish zunne (“sun”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "yi",
        "2": "זון",
        "t": "sun"
      },
      "expansion": "Yiddish זון (zun, “sun”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "is",
        "2": "sunna",
        "t": "sun"
      },
      "expansion": "Icelandic sunna (“sun”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "gme-cgo",
        "2": "sune",
        "t": "sun"
      },
      "expansion": "Crimean Gothic sune (“sun”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "got",
        "2": "𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌽𐍉",
        "t": "the Sun"
      },
      "expansion": "Gothic 𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌽𐍉 (sunnō, “the Sun”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "kw",
        "2": "howl",
        "t": "sun"
      },
      "expansion": "Cornish howl (“sun”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "ga",
        "2": "súil",
        "t": "eye; expectation, hope"
      },
      "expansion": "Irish súil (“eye; expectation, hope”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "gv",
        "2": "sooill",
        "t": "eye"
      },
      "expansion": "Manx sooill (“eye”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "gd",
        "2": "sùil",
        "t": "eye; vision; glance, look; expectation, hope"
      },
      "expansion": "Scottish Gaelic sùil (“eye; vision; glance, look; expectation, hope”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "haul"
      },
      "expansion": "Welsh haul"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "sōl",
        "t": "sun"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin sōl (“sun”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "el",
        "2": "ήλιος",
        "t": "sun"
      },
      "expansion": "Greek ήλιος (ílios, “sun”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "sq",
        "2": "diell",
        "t": "sun"
      },
      "expansion": "Albanian diell (“sun”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "ltg,lv",
        "2": "saule",
        "t": "sun"
      },
      "expansion": "Latgalian and Latvian saule (“sun”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "saulė",
        "t": "sun"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian saulė (“sun”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "be",
        "2": "со́нца",
        "t": "sun"
      },
      "expansion": "Belarusian со́нца (sónca, “sun”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "bg",
        "2": "слъ́нце",
        "t": "sun"
      },
      "expansion": "Bulgarian слъ́нце (slắnce, “sun”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "cs",
        "2": "slunce",
        "t": "sun"
      },
      "expansion": "Czech slunce (“sun”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "mk",
        "2": "солнце"
      },
      "expansion": "Macedonian солнце (solnce)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "słońce",
        "t": "sun"
      },
      "expansion": "Polish słońce (“sun”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "со́лнце",
        "t": "sun"
      },
      "expansion": "Russian со́лнце (sólnce, “sun”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "sh",
        "2": "су̑нце"
      },
      "expansion": "Serbo-Croatian су̑нце"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "sk",
        "2": "slnce",
        "t": "sun"
      },
      "expansion": "Slovak slnce (“sun”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "sl",
        "2": "sonce",
        "t": "sun"
      },
      "expansion": "Slovene sonce (“sun”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "uk",
        "2": "со́нце",
        "t": "sun"
      },
      "expansion": "Ukrainian со́нце (sónce, “sun”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "ae",
        "2": "𐬵𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬭𐬆",
        "t": "sun"
      },
      "expansion": "Avestan 𐬵𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬭𐬆 (huuar^ə, “sun”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "ckb",
        "2": "خۆر",
        "t": "sun"
      },
      "expansion": "Central Kurdish خۆر (xor, “sun”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "hac",
        "2": "وەر",
        "t": "sun; front"
      },
      "expansion": "Gurani وەر (wer, “sun; front”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "os",
        "2": "хор"
      },
      "expansion": "Ossetian хор (xor)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "هور",
        "tr": "hur"
      },
      "expansion": "Persian هور (hur)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "sgh",
        "2": "хӣр",
        "t": "sun"
      },
      "expansion": "Shughni хӣр (xīr, “sun”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "yai",
        "2": "хур",
        "t": "sun"
      },
      "expansion": "Yaghnobi хур (xur, “sun”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "txb",
        "2": "swāñco",
        "t": "beam, ray, sunbeam"
      },
      "expansion": "Tocharian B swāñco (“beam, ray, sunbeam”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "hi",
        "2": "सूर्य"
      },
      "expansion": "Hindi सूर्य (sūrya)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "स्वर्",
        "t": "sun"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit स्वर् (svar, “sun”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "doublet",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "sol",
        "3": "Sol",
        "4": "Surya",
        "5": "Helios",
        "id1": "day",
        "notext": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "sol, Sol, Surya, and Helios"
    },
    {
      "name": "etymon",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "enm:sonne",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *sóh₂wl̥der.\nProto-Germanic *sunnô\nProto-Germanic *sunnǭ\nProto-West Germanic *sunnā\nOld English sunne\nMiddle English sonne\nEnglish sun"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "*sóh₂wl̥",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/sóh₂wl̥#Proto-Indo-European:_Sun"
    ],
    [
      "*sunnô",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sunnô#Proto-Germanic:_Sun"
    ],
    [
      "*sunnǭ",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sunnǭ#Proto-Germanic:_Sun"
    ],
    [
      "*sunnā",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/sunnā"
    ],
    [
      "sunne",
      "sunne#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "sonne",
      "sonne#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "soen",
      "soen#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "son",
      "son#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "sone",
      "sone#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "sonne",
      "sonne#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "sun",
      "sun#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "sune",
      "sune#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "sunna",
      "sunna#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "sunne",
      "sunne#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "sunnæ",
      "sunnæ#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "synne",
      "synne#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "zonne",
      "zonne#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "zunne",
      "zunne#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "sunna",
      "sunna#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "sunne",
      "sunne#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "sunnu",
      "sunnu#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "*sunnā",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/sunnā"
    ],
    [
      "*sunnǭ",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sunnǭ"
    ],
    [
      "heteroclitic",
      "heteroclitic"
    ],
    [
      "inanimate",
      "inanimate"
    ],
    [
      "*sóh₂wl̥",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/sóh₂wl̥"
    ],
    [
      "sun",
      "sun#Scots"
    ],
    [
      "zin",
      "zin#Yola"
    ],
    [
      "san",
      "san#North_Frisian"
    ],
    [
      "Sen",
      "Sen#North_Frisian"
    ],
    [
      "Sunne",
      "Sunne#Saterland_Frisian"
    ],
    [
      "sinne",
      "sinne#West_Frisian"
    ],
    [
      "ŝchunna",
      "ŝchunna#Alemannic_German"
    ],
    [
      "ŝchunnà",
      "ŝchunnà#Alemannic_German"
    ],
    [
      "sònnò",
      "sònnò#Alemannic_German"
    ],
    [
      "sunna",
      "sunna#Alemannic_German"
    ],
    [
      "sunnu",
      "sunnu#Alemannic_German"
    ],
    [
      "Sunnä",
      "Sunnä#Alemannic_German"
    ],
    [
      "Sun",
      "Sun#Bavarian"
    ],
    [
      "suna",
      "suna#Bavarian"
    ],
    [
      "sune",
      "sune#Bavarian"
    ],
    [
      "Sunn",
      "Sunn#Bavarian"
    ],
    [
      "sunne",
      "sunne#Bavarian"
    ],
    [
      "sonde",
      "sonde#Cimbrian"
    ],
    [
      "sunn",
      "sunn#Cimbrian"
    ],
    [
      "zunna",
      "zunna#Cimbrian"
    ],
    [
      "zon",
      "zon#Dutch"
    ],
    [
      "zonne",
      "zonne#Dutch"
    ],
    [
      "Sonne",
      "Sonne#German"
    ],
    [
      "Ṣon",
      "Ṣon#Limburgish"
    ],
    [
      "Sonn",
      "Sonn#Limburgish"
    ],
    [
      "zón",
      "zón#Limburgish"
    ],
    [
      "Sünn",
      "Sünn#Low_German"
    ],
    [
      "Sünne",
      "Sünne#Low_German"
    ],
    [
      "Sonn",
      "Sonn#Luxembourgish"
    ],
    [
      "sunn",
      "sunn#Mòcheno"
    ],
    [
      "zun",
      "zun#Vilamovian"
    ],
    [
      "zunn",
      "zunn#Vilamovian"
    ],
    [
      "zunne",
      "zunne#West_Flemish"
    ],
    [
      "זון",
      "זון#Yiddish"
    ],
    [
      "sunna",
      "sunna#Icelandic"
    ],
    [
      "sune",
      "sune#Crimean_Gothic"
    ],
    [
      "𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌽𐍉",
      "𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌽𐍉#Gothic"
    ],
    [
      "howl",
      "howl#Cornish"
    ],
    [
      "súil",
      "súil#Irish"
    ],
    [
      "sooill",
      "sooill#Manx"
    ],
    [
      "sùil",
      "sùil#Scottish_Gaelic"
    ],
    [
      "haul",
      "haul#Welsh"
    ],
    [
      "huan",
      "huan#Welsh"
    ],
    [
      "sōl",
      "sol#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "ήλιος",
      "ήλιος#Greek"
    ],
    [
      "diell",
      "diell#Albanian"
    ],
    [
      "Latgalian",
      "saule#Latgalian"
    ],
    [
      "saule",
      "saule#Latvian"
    ],
    [
      "saulė",
      "saulė#Lithuanian"
    ],
    [
      "со́нца",
      "сонца#Belarusian"
    ],
    [
      "слъ́нце",
      "слънце#Bulgarian"
    ],
    [
      "slunce",
      "slunce#Czech"
    ],
    [
      "солнце",
      "солнце#Macedonian"
    ],
    [
      "сонце",
      "сонце#Macedonian"
    ],
    [
      "słońce",
      "słońce#Polish"
    ],
    [
      "со́лнце",
      "солнце#Russian"
    ],
    [
      "су̑нце",
      "сунце#Serbo-Croatian"
    ],
    [
      "sȗnce",
      "sunce#Serbo-Croatian"
    ],
    [
      "slnce",
      "slnce#Slovak"
    ],
    [
      "sonce",
      "sonce#Slovene"
    ],
    [
      "со́нце",
      "сонце#Ukrainian"
    ],
    [
      "𐬵𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬭𐬆",
      "𐬵𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬭𐬆#Avestan"
    ],
    [
      "خۆر",
      "خۆر#Central_Kurdish"
    ],
    [
      "وەر",
      "وەر#Gurani"
    ],
    [
      "хор",
      "хор#Ossetian"
    ],
    [
      "хур",
      "хур#Ossetian"
    ],
    [
      "هور",
      "هور#Persian"
    ],
    [
      "خور",
      "خور#Persian"
    ],
    [
      "хӣр",
      "хӣр#Shughni"
    ],
    [
      "хур",
      "хур#Yaghnobi"
    ],
    [
      "swāñco",
      "swāñco#Tocharian_B"
    ],
    [
      "सूर्य",
      "सूर्य#Hindi"
    ],
    [
      "स्वर्",
      "स्वर्#Sanskrit"
    ],
    [
      "sol",
      "sol#English:_day"
    ],
    [
      "Sol",
      "Sol#English"
    ],
    [
      "Surya",
      "Surya#English"
    ],
    [
      "Helios",
      "Helios#English"
    ],
    [
      "solar",
      "solar#English"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "verb",
      "glosses": [
        "To expose to the heat and radiation of the sun.",
        "To warm or dry in the sunshine.",
        "To be exposed to the sun.",
        "To expose the eyes to the sun as part of the Bates method."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive",
        "intransitive"
      ],
      "recordId": "2b00d6039c7292d394f5cd762f244356c53ec7c7e48246478141be4b2a34d073",
      "rawRecordSha256": "75c4669e2a92db880c92c6e8cc6c9da552a92ca68a4dcf0764fa8f8e5cb12735",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 5421
    },
    {
      "pos": "noun",
      "glosses": [
        "A star, especially when seen as the centre of any single solar system.",
        "The light and heat which are received from the Sun; sunshine or sunlight.",
        "Something like the sun in brightness or splendor.",
        "Sunrise or sunset."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable",
        "figuratively",
        "literary"
      ],
      "recordId": "2bbcedf721212f945835015619bb81ad48d8a6565a2b0743f8cf340d8f6b2f37",
      "rawRecordSha256": "8f33af7f157a46b81dcaa18e3b0d18056e1fd72ae391373f25f412c3702eb5ac",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 5420
    },
    {
      "pos": "name",
      "glosses": [
        "The star that is closest to the Earth."
      ],
      "tags": [],
      "recordId": "dbb11c46acfa9a2bcbe85176c7c9f8bb823574bf796ad30763d6815264f0d3a8",
      "rawRecordSha256": "278336fbf1712a2db23db1dcc1fd8275dcf07ca475f99a4bab75e1264b72b954",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 5419
    }
  ],
  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
    "templates": 0,
    "links": 0,
    "references": 0,
    "descendants": 0,
    "lexicalRecords": 0,
    "lexicalSenses": 4,
    "glosses": 0
  }
}

Source etymology 2

Original entry ↗
noun

A traditional Japanese unit of length, approximately 30.3 millimetres (1.193 inches).

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

From Japanese 寸 (sun). Doublet of cun.

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

  • Derivation mention寸ja
  • Doublet mentioncunen
Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ja",
        "3": "寸",
        "tr": "sun"
      },
      "expansion": "Japanese 寸 (sun)"
    },
    {
      "name": "doublet",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "cun"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of cun"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "寸",
      "寸#Japanese"
    ],
    [
      "cun",
      "cun#English"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "noun",
      "glosses": [
        "A traditional Japanese unit of length, approximately 30.3 millimetres (1.193 inches)."
      ],
      "tags": [],
      "recordId": "6a771e6d923d040b0d1161865ab24ffcfb0e53bfa86972d6e89c493213d2af40",
      "rawRecordSha256": "3e4fc880088b29347bc4d4535bc67d99163b4e1834def740a927cd3df0bcf3c0",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 5422
    }
  ],
  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
    "templates": 0,
    "links": 0,
    "references": 0,
    "descendants": 0,
    "lexicalRecords": 0,
    "lexicalSenses": 0,
    "glosses": 0
  }
}

Where this record stops

This page does not supply an independently verified sound-change sequence, first-use manuscript or complete family tree unless a cited analysis explicitly establishes one. Missing detail here is a limit of this record—not a claim that humanity knows nothing more.

An older meaning does not determine what a word must mean today. Follow the sources, preserve disagreements, and keep ancestry separate from interpretation.

Contribute located evidence for sun →

Source and snapshot

Imported from Wiktionary contributors; extracted by Tatu Ylonen / Wiktextract / Kaikki.org. Selected fields are reformatted and grouped; wording, source identity and etymology sections are retained. CC-BY-SA-4.0 applies to the imported source material.

Dump: 2026-10-01 · Extracted: 2026-10-30. These are snapshot dates, not the word’s first attestation or the page’s revision date.

Source entry and bibliography ↗Wiktionary revision history ↗Acquisition and rights ledger
Machine-source provenance
Source SHA-256
5ff2c072f8099f2d2ce484bd6957bf179f046d2ad37bc36555edf8bb84cb5291
Import run
73216b9a9b78ed3830994bf853103716f5a4dc57099e371e9f8fdc468facca26
Permanent entry ID
w-c3Vu