Source etymology 1 · variant 1/2
Original entry ↗adj
Constructed of stone. · Having the appearance of stone. · Of a dull light grey or beige, like that of some stones. · Used as an intensifier.
adv
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryAs a stone (used with following adjective). · Absolutely, completely (used with following adjectives).
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- Proto-Indo-European *steyh₂- Proto-Indo-European *-nos Proto-Indo-European *stóyh₂nos Proto-Germanic *stainaz Proto-West Germanic *stain Old English stān Middle English ston English stone From Middle English ston, stone, stan, from Old English stān, from Proto-West Germanic *stain, from Proto-Germanic *stainaz (“stone”), from Proto-Indo-European *steyh₂- (“to stiffen”). Cognates Cognate with Scots stane (“stone”), Yola sthoan (“stone”), North Frisian stean, stian, stiin, stiinj (“stone”), Saterland Frisian Steen (“stone”), West Frisian stien (“stone”), Alemannic German Steei (“rock, stone”), Bavarian Staa (“rock, stone”), Central Franconian Steen, Stään (“stone”), Dutch steen (“stone”), German Stein (“rock, stone”), German Low German Steen, Stein (“stone”), Luxembourgish Steen (“stone”), Vilamovian śtan (“stone”), Yiddish שטיין (shteyn, “stone”), Danish and Swedish sten (“stone”), Elfdalian stien (“stone”), Faroese steinur (“stone”), Gutnish stain (“rock, stone”), Icelandic steinn (“rock, stone”), Norwegian Bokmål stein, sten (“stone”), Norwegian Nynorsk steidn, stein (“stone”), Gothic 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃 (stains, “stone”). Compare also Ancient Greek στία (stía, “pebble”), στέαρ (stéar, “tallow”), Lithuanian sténgti (“to be able, make an effort; to oppose”), Russian стена́ (stená, “wall”), Albanian shtëng (“hardened or pressed matter”), Sanskrit स्तिया (stiyā, “still or stagnant water”). Doublet of stain, stean, and stein.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Root classification mention*steyh₂-ine-pro
- Inherited-form mentionstonenm
- Inherited-form mentionstānang
- Inherited-form mention*staingmw-pro
- Inherited-form mention*stainazgem-pro · stone
- Derivation mention*steyh₂-ine-pro · to stiffen
- Cognate mentionstanesco · stone
- Cognate mentionsthoanyol · stone
- Cognate mentionsteanfrr
- Cognate mentionSteenstq · stone
- Cognate mentionstienfy · stone
- Cognate mentionSteeigsw · rock, stone
- Cognate mentionStaabar · rock, stone
- Cognate mentionSteengmw-cfr
- Cognate mentionsteennl · stone
- Cognate mentionSteinde · rock, stone
- Cognate mentionSteenlb · stone
- Cognate mentionśtanwym · stone
- Cognate mentionשטייןyi · stone
- Cognate mentionstienovd · stone
- Cognate mentionsteinurfo · stone
- Cognate mentionstaingmq-gut · rock, stone
- Cognate mentionsteinnis · rock, stone
- Cognate mentionsteinnb
- Cognate mentionsteidnnn
- Cognate mention𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃got · stone
- Cognate mentionστίαgrc · pebble
- Cognate mentionsténgtilt · to be able, make an effort; to oppose
- Cognate mentionстена́ru · wall
- Cognate mentionshtëngsq · hardened or pressed matter
- Cognate mentionस्तियाsa · still or stagnant water
- Doublet mentionstainen
- Doublet mentionsteanen
- Doublet mentionsteinen
This page abbreviates 1 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:ston",
"id": "noun",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *steh₂-\nProto-Indo-European *steyh₂-\nProto-Indo-European *-nos\nProto-Indo-European *stóyh₂nos\nProto-Germanic *stainaz\nProto-West Germanic *stain\nOld English stān\nMiddle English ston\nEnglish stone\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*stainaz\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*stain\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"stān\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"ston\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"stone\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"noun\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"stone\" id=\"English:_noun\">"
},
{
"name": "root",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*steyh₂-"
},
"expansion": ""
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "ston"
},
"expansion": "Middle English ston"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "stān"
},
"expansion": "Old English stān"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*stain"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *stain"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*stainaz",
"t": "stone"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stainaz (“stone”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*steyh₂-",
"t": "to stiffen"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *steyh₂- (“to stiffen”)"
},
{
"name": "col-top",
"args": {
"1": "2",
"2": "cog"
},
"expansion": "Cognates"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "stane",
"t": "stone"
},
"expansion": "Scots stane (“stone”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "sthoan",
"t": "stone"
},
"expansion": "Yola sthoan (“stone”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "stean"
},
"expansion": "North Frisian stean"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Steen",
"t": "stone"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian Steen (“stone”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "stien",
"t": "stone"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian stien (“stone”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "gsw",
"2": "Steei",
"t": "rock, stone"
},
"expansion": "Alemannic German Steei (“rock, stone”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "bar",
"2": "Staa",
"t": "rock, stone"
},
"expansion": "Bavarian Staa (“rock, stone”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "gmw-cfr",
"2": "Steen"
},
"expansion": "Central Franconian Steen"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "steen",
"t": "stone"
},
"expansion": "Dutch steen (“stone”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Stein",
"t": "rock, stone"
},
"expansion": "German Stein (“rock, stone”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "Steen"
},
"expansion": "German Low German Steen"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "Steen",
"t": "stone"
},
"expansion": "Luxembourgish Steen (“stone”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "wym",
"2": "śtan",
"t": "stone"
},
"expansion": "Vilamovian śtan (“stone”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "yi",
"2": "שטיין",
"t": "stone"
},
"expansion": "Yiddish שטיין (shteyn, “stone”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "da,sv",
"2": "sten",
"t": "stone"
},
"expansion": "Danish and Swedish sten (“stone”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ovd",
"2": "stien",
"t": "stone"
},
"expansion": "Elfdalian stien (“stone”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "steinur",
"t": "stone"
},
"expansion": "Faroese steinur (“stone”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "gmq-gut",
"2": "stain",
"t": "rock, stone"
},
"expansion": "Gutnish stain (“rock, stone”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "steinn",
"t": "rock, stone"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic steinn (“rock, stone”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "stein"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål stein"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "steidn"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk steidn"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃",
"t": "stone"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃 (stains, “stone”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "στία",
"t": "pebble"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek στία (stía, “pebble”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "sténgti",
"t": "to be able, make an effort; to oppose"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian sténgti (“to be able, make an effort; to oppose”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "стена́",
"t": "wall"
},
"expansion": "Russian стена́ (stená, “wall”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "shtëng",
"t": "hardened or pressed matter"
},
"expansion": "Albanian shtëng (“hardened or pressed matter”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "स्तिया",
"t": "still or stagnant water"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit स्तिया (stiyā, “still or stagnant water”)"
},
{
"name": "doublet",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "stain",
"3": "stean",
"4": "stein"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of stain, stean, and stein"
},
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:ston",
"id": "noun",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *steh₂-\nProto-Indo-European *steyh₂-\nProto-Indo-European *-nos\nProto-Indo-European *stóyh₂nos\nProto-Germanic *stainaz\nProto-West Germanic *stain\nOld English stān\nMiddle English ston\nEnglish stone"
}
],
"links": [
[
"*steh₂-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/steh₂-"
],
[
"*steyh₂-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/steyh₂-"
],
[
"*-nos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-nos"
],
[
"*stainaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stainaz"
],
[
"*stain",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/stain"
],
[
"stān",
"stan#Old_English"
],
[
"ston",
"ston#Middle_English"
],
[
"ston",
"ston#Middle_English"
],
[
"stone",
"stone#Middle_English"
],
[
"stan",
"stan#Middle_English"
],
[
"stān",
"stan#Old_English"
],
[
"*stain",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/stain"
],
[
"*stainaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stainaz"
],
[
"*steyh₂-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/steyh₂-"
],
[
"stane",
"stane#Scots"
],
[
"sthoan",
"sthoan#Yola"
],
[
"stean",
"stean#North_Frisian"
],
[
"stian",
"stian#North_Frisian"
],
[
"stiin",
"stiin#North_Frisian"
],
[
"stiinj",
"stiinj#North_Frisian"
],
[
"Steen",
"Steen#Saterland_Frisian"
],
[
"stien",
"stien#West_Frisian"
],
[
"Steei",
"Steei#Alemannic_German"
],
[
"Staa",
"Staa#Bavarian"
],
[
"Steen",
"Steen#Central_Franconian"
],
[
"Stään",
"Stään#Central_Franconian"
],
[
"steen",
"steen#Dutch"
],
[
"Stein",
"Stein#German"
],
[
"Steen",
"Steen#Low_German"
],
[
"Stein",
"Stein#Low_German"
],
[
"Steen",
"Steen#Luxembourgish"
],
[
"śtan",
"śtan#Vilamovian"
],
[
"שטיין",
"שטיין#Yiddish"
],
[
"Danish",
"sten#Danish"
],
[
"sten",
"sten#Swedish"
],
[
"stien",
"stien#Elfdalian"
],
[
"steinur",
"steinur#Faroese"
],
[
"stain",
"stain#Gutnish"
],
[
"steinn",
"steinn#Icelandic"
],
[
"stein",
"stein#Norwegian_Bokmål"
],
[
"sten",
"sten#Norwegian_Bokmål"
],
[
"steidn",
"steidn#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
],
[
"stein",
"stein#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
],
[
"𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃",
"𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃#Gothic"
],
[
"στία",
"στία#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"στέαρ",
"στέαρ#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"sténgti",
"stengti#Lithuanian"
],
[
"стена́",
"стена#Russian"
],
[
"shtëng",
"shtëng#Albanian"
],
[
"स्तिया",
"स्तिया#Sanskrit"
],
[
"stain",
"stain#English"
],
[
"stean",
"stean#English"
],
[
"stein",
"stein#English"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "adj",
"glosses": [
"Constructed of stone.",
"Having the appearance of stone.",
"Of a dull light grey or beige, like that of some stones.",
"Used as an intensifier."
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
],
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},
{
"pos": "adv",
"glosses": [
"As a stone (used with following adjective).",
"Absolutely, completely (used with following adjectives)."
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable",
"slang"
],
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"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
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"links": 0,
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}