Unnumbered source etymology
Original entry ↗adj
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventorySilent; speechless; dumb.
Etymology tree Proto-Germanic *stummaz Proto-West Germanic *stumm Old High German stum Middle High German stum Yiddish שטום (shtum)bor. English shtum Borrowed from Yiddish שטום (shtum, “mute, dumb, voiceless”), from Middle High German stum, from Old High German stum, from Proto-West Germanic *stumm. Cognate with German stumm, Dutch stom, Swedish stum. Doublet of stum.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "yi:שטום",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Germanic *stummaz\nProto-West Germanic *stumm\nOld High German stum\nMiddle High German stum\nYiddish שטום (shtum)bor.\nEnglish shtum\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*stummaz\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*stumm\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old High German\", \"term\" : \"stum\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"goh\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle High German\", \"term\" : \"stum\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"gmh\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Yiddish\", \"term\" : \"שטום\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"yi\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"shtum\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"shtum\">"
},
{
"name": "bor",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "yi",
"3": "שטום",
"4": "",
"5": "mute, dumb, voiceless"
},
"expansion": "Yiddish שטום (shtum, “mute, dumb, voiceless”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "stum"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German stum"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "goh",
"3": "stum"
},
"expansion": "Old High German stum"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*stumm"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *stumm"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "stumm"
},
"expansion": "German stumm"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "stom"
},
"expansion": "Dutch stom"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "stum"
},
"expansion": "Swedish stum"
},
{
"name": "doublet",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "stum"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of stum"
},
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "yi:שטום",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Germanic *stummaz\nProto-West Germanic *stumm\nOld High German stum\nMiddle High German stum\nYiddish שטום (shtum)bor.\nEnglish shtum"
}
],
"links": [
[
"*stummaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stummaz"
],
[
"*stumm",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/stumm"
],
[
"stum",
"stum#Old_High_German"
],
[
"stum",
"stum#Middle_High_German"
],
[
"שטום",
"שטום#Yiddish"
],
[
"שטום",
"שטום#Yiddish"
],
[
"stum",
"stum#Middle_High_German"
],
[
"stum",
"stum#Old_High_German"
],
[
"*stumm",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/stumm"
],
[
"stumm",
"stumm#German"
],
[
"stom",
"stom#Dutch"
],
[
"stum",
"stum#Swedish"
],
[
"stum",
"stum#English"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "adj",
"glosses": [
"Silent; speechless; dumb."
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
],
"recordId": "50bb8d7814fe8d0f1251a0c617fc55a8c1caaf61205298c760e56802a2757800",
"rawRecordSha256": "9374d26f5d671f205c6a56d789b84d76147c2b6af155f8aa8f47126f996ec807",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 446998
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
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"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 0,
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}
}