Unnumbered source etymology
Original entry ↗noun
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryA native soldier of the East Indies, employed in the service of a European colonial power, notably the British India army (first under the British-chartered East India Company, later in the crown colony), but also France and Portugal. · The holder of an infantry enlisted rank equivalent to private in other countries.
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *ḱewh₁-der.? Proto-Iranian *cwáHdahder. Middle Persian spʿh Classical Persian سپاه (sipāh) Middle Persian 𐭩𐭧 (yḥ /-īh/) Classical Persian ـی (-ē) Classical Persian سِپَاهِی (sipāhī)bor. Urdu سِپَاہِی (sipāhī)bor. Portuguese sipaibor. English sepoy From Portuguese sipai, from Urdu سِپاہی (sipāhī) / Hindi सिपाही (sipāhī), from Classical Persian سِپَاهِی (sipāhī, “soldier, horseman”), from سِپَاه (sipāh, “army”). Doublet of spahi and sipahi.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "ety",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "pt:sipaio<alt:sipai>",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱewh₁-der.?\nProto-Iranian *cwáHdahder.\nMiddle Persian spʿh\nClassical Persian سپاه (sipāh)\nMiddle Persian 𐭩𐭧 (yḥ /-īh/)\nClassical Persian ـی (-ē)\nClassical Persian سِپَاهِی (sipāhī)bor.\nUrdu سِپَاہِی (sipāhī)bor.\nPortuguese sipaibor.\nEnglish sepoy\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"sipai\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"transliteration\" : \"sipāh\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"swell\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ḱewh₁-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Iranian\", \"term\" : \"*cwáHdah\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ira-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle Persian\", \"term\" : \"spʿh\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pal\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Classical Persian\", \"term\" : \"سپاه\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fa-cls\" }, { \"id\" : \"abstract noun\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"abstract noun\", \"children\" : [ ], \"transcription\" : \"-īh\", \"status\" : \"redlink\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle Persian\", \"term\" : \"𐭩𐭧\", \"lang\" : \"pal\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Classical Persian\", \"term\" : \"ـی\", \"lang\" : \"fa-cls\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Classical Persian\", \"term\" : \"سِپَاهِی\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fa-cls\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Urdu\", \"term\" : \"سِپَاہِی\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ur\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Portuguese\", \"term\" : \"sipaio\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pt\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"sepoy\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"sepoy\">"
},
{
"name": "bor",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "pt",
"3": "sipaio",
"4": "sipai"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese sipai"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ur",
"3": "سِپاہی"
},
"expansion": "Urdu سِپاہی (sipāhī)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hi",
"3": "सिपाही"
},
"expansion": "Hindi सिपाही (sipāhī)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fa-cls",
"3": "سِپَاهِی",
"4": "",
"5": "soldier, horseman"
},
"expansion": "Classical Persian سِپَاهِی (sipāhī, “soldier, horseman”)"
},
{
"name": "doublet",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "spahi"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of spahi"
},
{
"name": "doublet",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sipahi",
"notext": "1"
},
"expansion": "sipahi"
},
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"name": "ety",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "pt:sipaio<alt:sipai>",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱewh₁-der.?\nProto-Iranian *cwáHdahder.\nMiddle Persian spʿh\nClassical Persian سپاه (sipāh)\nMiddle Persian 𐭩𐭧 (yḥ /-īh/)\nClassical Persian ـی (-ē)\nClassical Persian سِپَاهِی (sipāhī)bor.\nUrdu سِپَاہِی (sipāhī)bor.\nPortuguese sipaibor.\nEnglish sepoy"
}
],
"links": [
[
"*ḱewh₁-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱewh₁-#Proto-Indo-European:_swell"
],
[
"*cwáHdah",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/cwáHdah"
],
[
"spʿh",
"spʿh#Middle_Persian"
],
[
"سپاه",
"سپاه#Persian"
],
[
"𐭩𐭧",
"𐭩𐭧#Middle_Persian:_abstract_noun"
],
[
"ـی",
"ـی#Persian:_abstract_noun"
],
[
"سِپَاهِی",
"سپاهی#Persian"
],
[
"سِپَاہِی",
"سپاہی#Urdu"
],
[
"sipai",
"sipaio#Portuguese"
],
[
"sipai",
"sipaio#Portuguese"
],
[
"سِپاہی",
"سپاہی#Urdu"
],
[
"सिपाही",
"सिपाही#Hindi"
],
[
"سِپَاهِی",
"سپاهی#Persian"
],
[
"سِپَاه",
"سپاه#Persian"
],
[
"spahi",
"spahi#English"
],
[
"sipahi",
"sipahi#English"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "sepoy",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"word": "sepoy",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
}
]
},
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "sipoy",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"word": "sepoy",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
}
]
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Sepoy",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "sepoy",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"word": "sepoy",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"word": "sepoy",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
}
]
},
{
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"word": "sepoy",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
}
],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "noun",
"glosses": [
"A native soldier of the East Indies, employed in the service of a European colonial power, notably the British India army (first under the British-chartered East India Company, later in the crown colony), but also France and Portugal.",
"The holder of an infantry enlisted rank equivalent to private in other countries."
],
"tags": [
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"India",
"Nepal",
"Pakistan"
],
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"sourceRecordOrdinal": 233241
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