Source etymology 1
Original entry ↗adv
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryEither directly or indirectly preceded or followed by an auxiliary verb, often must: of necessity or need; necessarily, indispensably.
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *neh₂w-der. Proto-Germanic *naudiz Proto-West Germanic *naudi Old English nīed Proto-Germanic *-as Proto-West Germanic *-as Old English -es Old English nīedes Middle English nedes English needs From Middle English nedes (“of necessity, necessarily; inevitably, unavoidably”) [and other forms], from Old English nēdes, nīedes (“of necessity; not willingly”), from nīed + -es (suffix forming adverbs from nouns). The English word is equivalent to need + -'s (possessive marker) and hence to need + -s (suffix forming adverbs).
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "ety",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:nedes",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *neh₂w-der.\nProto-Germanic *naudiz\nProto-West Germanic *naudi\nOld English nīed\nProto-Germanic *-as\nProto-West Germanic *-as\nOld English -es\nOld English nīedes\nMiddle English nedes\nEnglish needs\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*neh₂w-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*naudiz\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*naudi\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"nīed\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-as\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-as\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"-es\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"nīedes\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"nedes\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"needs\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"needs\">"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "nedes",
"t": "of necessity, necessarily; inevitably, unavoidably"
},
"expansion": "Middle English nedes (“of necessity, necessarily; inevitably, unavoidably”)"
},
{
"name": "nb...",
"args": {
"1": "neds, nedez, nedis, nedys, nedysse, needes, needis, needs, neodes, (Early Middle English) nydes",
"otherforms": "1"
},
"expansion": "[and other forms]"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "nēdes"
},
"expansion": "Old English nēdes"
},
{
"name": "glossary",
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "suffix"
},
{
"name": "glossary",
"args": {
"1": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "adverb"
},
{
"name": "glossary",
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun"
},
{
"name": "affix",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "need",
"3": "-'s",
"pos2": "possessive marker",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "need + -'s (possessive marker)"
},
{
"name": "suffix",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "need",
"3": "s",
"pos2": "suffix forming adverbs",
"id2": "adverbial"
},
"expansion": "need + -s (suffix forming adverbs)"
},
{
"name": "ety",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:nedes",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *neh₂w-der.\nProto-Germanic *naudiz\nProto-West Germanic *naudi\nOld English nīed\nProto-Germanic *-as\nProto-West Germanic *-as\nOld English -es\nOld English nīedes\nMiddle English nedes\nEnglish needs"
}
],
"links": [
[
"*neh₂w-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/neh₂w-"
],
[
"*naudiz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/naudiz"
],
[
"*naudi",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/naudi"
],
[
"nīed",
"nied#Old_English"
],
[
"*-as",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-as"
],
[
"*-as",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/-as"
],
[
"-es",
"-es#Old_English"
],
[
"nīedes",
"niedes#Old_English"
],
[
"nedes",
"nedes#Middle_English"
],
[
"nedes",
"nedes#Middle_English"
],
[
"nēdes",
"nedes#Old_English"
],
[
"nīedes",
"niedes#Old_English"
],
[
"nīed",
"nied#Old_English"
],
[
"-es",
"-es#Old_English"
],
[
"need",
"need#English"
],
[
"-'s",
"-'s#English"
],
[
"need",
"need#English"
],
[
"-s",
"-s#English:_adverbial"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "adv",
"glosses": [
"Either directly or indirectly preceded or followed by an auxiliary verb, often must: of necessity or need; necessarily, indispensably."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"not-comparable"
],
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"rawRecordSha256": "a47fa12795debf8c3bd16aac2d9abe5dc813881569c2c4c90244a45b65e6fb2d",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 238320
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
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"lexicalSenses": 0,
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}
}