Source etymology 1
Original entry ↗A possessive marker, indicating that an object belongs to the noun or noun phrase bearing the marker. · In the absence of a specified object, used to indicate “the house/place/establishment of”. · Indicates a purpose or a user. · Used to indicate a quantity of something, especially of time.
From Middle English -s, -es, from Old English -es (“-'s”, masculine and neuter genitive singular ending), from Proto-Germanic *-as, *-is (masculine and neuter genitive singular ending). The apostrophe was added under the false belief that it was a contraction of English his, and retained to distinguish it from the plural. Cognate with Dutch -s, -es (“-'s”), German -s, -es (“-'s”), Danish -s, -es (“-'s”), Swedish -s (“-'s”), Norwegian -s (“-'s”), Icelandic -s (“-'s”).
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
This page abbreviates 2 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-s",
"id": "possessive"
},
"expansion": "Middle English -s"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-es",
"4": "",
"5": "-'s",
"pos": "masculine and neuter genitive singular ending",
"id": "possessive"
},
"expansion": "Old English -es (“-'s”, masculine and neuter genitive singular ending)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-as"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-as"
},
{
"name": "ncog",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "his"
},
"expansion": "English his"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "-s"
},
"expansion": "Dutch -s"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-s"
},
"expansion": "German -s"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "-s"
},
"expansion": "Danish -s"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "-s",
"3": "",
"4": "-'s"
},
"expansion": "Swedish -s (“-'s”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "-s",
"3": "",
"4": "-'s"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian -s (“-'s”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "-s",
"3": "",
"4": "-'s"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic -s (“-'s”)"
}
],
"links": [
[
"-s",
"-s#Middle_English:_possessive"
],
[
"-es",
"-es#Middle_English:_possessive"
],
[
"-es",
"-es#Old_English:_possessive"
],
[
"*-as",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-as"
],
[
"*-is",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-is"
],
[
"his",
"his#English"
],
[
"-s",
"-s#Dutch"
],
[
"-es",
"-es#Dutch"
],
[
"-s",
"-s#German"
],
[
"-es",
"-es#German"
],
[
"-s",
"-s#Danish"
],
[
"-es",
"-es#Danish"
],
[
"-s",
"-s#Swedish"
],
[
"-s",
"-s#Norwegian"
],
[
"-s",
"-s#Icelandic"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"word": "-스",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "-seu"
}
],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "suffix",
"glosses": [
"A possessive marker, indicating that an object belongs to the noun or noun phrase bearing the marker.",
"In the absence of a specified object, used to indicate “the house/place/establishment of”.",
"Indicates a purpose or a user.",
"Used to indicate a quantity of something, especially of time."
],
"tags": [
"enclitic",
"morpheme"
],
"recordId": "ea01315e524018e0bf9eb86a2fb9905d74160e398e805f1c12ebc8eb0960a66f",
"rawRecordSha256": "0f3ba8041b468b3ee5fb2cd0dc7b07b452ea65541ba156363a90a4ca24c2acca",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 1250831
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
"templates": 0,
"links": 0,
"references": 0,
"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 2,
"glosses": 0
}
}