*SET-U

English word origin

Etymology of his

From Middle English hes, from Old English his (“his; its”), from Proto-Germanic *hes (“of this”), genitive of Proto-Germanic *hiz (“this, this one”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱe-, *ḱey- (“this”). Cognate with Danish, Sw

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In this entry · 1 source sections

The source etymologies

Wiktionary via Kaikki / Wiktextract

The source reports below are imported and unreviewed by *SET-U. Separate numbered origins and differing source variants are preserved; agreement within this extraction is not independent corroboration.

Source etymology 1

Original entry ↗
pron

That or those belonging to him; the possessive case of he, used without a following noun. · His house or home. · Alternative spelling of His.

det

Belonging to him. · Belonging to a person of unspecified gender. · Its; belonging to it. (Now only when implying personification.) · Used as a genitive marker in place of ’s after a noun, especially a masculine noun ending in -s, to express the possessive case.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

From Middle English hes, from Old English his (“his; its”), from Proto-Germanic *hes (“of this”), genitive of Proto-Germanic *hiz (“this, this one”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱe-, *ḱey- (“this”). Cognate with Danish, Swedish, Norwegian, Icelandic hans (“his”). More at he; see also its.

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

  • Inherited-form mentionhesenm
  • Inherited-form mentionhisang
  • Inherited-form mention*hesgem-pro
  • Derivation mention*hizgem-pro
  • Derivation mention*ḱe-ine-pro
  • Cognate mentionhansis
Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "hes"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English hes"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "his",
        "4": "",
        "5": "his; its"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English his (“his; its”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*hes",
        "4": "",
        "5": "of this"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hes (“of this”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*hiz",
        "4": "",
        "5": "this, this one"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hiz (“this, this one”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*ḱe-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱe-"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "da",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Danish"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Swedish"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "no",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Norwegian"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "is",
        "2": "hans",
        "3": "",
        "4": "his"
      },
      "expansion": "Icelandic hans (“his”)"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "hes",
      "hes#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "his",
      "his#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "*hes",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hes"
    ],
    [
      "*hiz",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hiz"
    ],
    [
      "*ḱe-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱe-"
    ],
    [
      "*ḱey-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱey-"
    ],
    [
      "hans",
      "hans#Icelandic"
    ],
    [
      "he",
      "he#English"
    ],
    [
      "its",
      "its#English"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "pron",
      "glosses": [
        "That or those belonging to him; the possessive case of he, used without a following noun.",
        "His house or home.",
        "Alternative spelling of His."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "alt-of",
        "alternative"
      ],
      "recordId": "c3ee76604b3f928202b41ef6d614068678ad94f38391d43e9d9be9c8356d641d",
      "rawRecordSha256": "3a3e97c7328da1d8e3d9f754396a8d4f43ae7df3efe58ae471d4966c63ed3d62",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 16580
    },
    {
      "pos": "det",
      "glosses": [
        "Belonging to him.",
        "Belonging to a person of unspecified gender.",
        "Its; belonging to it. (Now only when implying personification.)",
        "Used as a genitive marker in place of ’s after a noun, especially a masculine noun ending in -s, to express the possessive case."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "sometimes",
        "obsolete",
        "archaic"
      ],
      "recordId": "f1fa12da4bd37779429130edb14ef8acda58cfc458cae5749d041081740dd99c",
      "rawRecordSha256": "c5f26021fa06f65ab9d04d8b977bf284f0e3dffc2c56ae5412e698688b78d10d",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 16579
    }
  ],
  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
    "templates": 0,
    "links": 0,
    "references": 0,
    "descendants": 0,
    "lexicalRecords": 0,
    "lexicalSenses": 0,
    "glosses": 0
  }
}

Where this record stops

This page does not supply an independently verified sound-change sequence, first-use manuscript or complete family tree unless a cited analysis explicitly establishes one. Missing detail here is a limit of this record—not a claim that humanity knows nothing more.

An older meaning does not determine what a word must mean today. Follow the sources, preserve disagreements, and keep ancestry separate from interpretation.

Contribute located evidence for his →

Source and snapshot

Imported from Wiktionary contributors; extracted by Tatu Ylonen / Wiktextract / Kaikki.org. Selected fields are reformatted and grouped; wording, source identity and etymology sections are retained. CC-BY-SA-4.0 applies to the imported source material.

Dump: 2026-10-01 · Extracted: 2026-10-30. These are snapshot dates, not the word’s first attestation or the page’s revision date.

Source entry and bibliography ↗Wiktionary revision history ↗Acquisition and rights ledger
Machine-source provenance
Source SHA-256
5ff2c072f8099f2d2ce484bd6957bf179f046d2ad37bc36555edf8bb84cb5291
Import run
73216b9a9b78ed3830994bf853103716f5a4dc57099e371e9f8fdc468facca26
Permanent entry ID
w-aGlz