Source etymology 1
Original entry ↗noun
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryA man; a person.
From Middle English lede, leode (“man; human being, person; lord, prince; God; sir; group, kind; race; a people, nation; human race; land, real property”) [and other forms], from three closely related words: * Old English lēod (“man; chief, leader; (poetic) prince; a people, people group; nation”); * Old English lēoda (“man; person; native of a country”), related to lēod; and * Old English lēode (“men; people; the people of a country”), originally the plural of lēod. Lēod is inherited from Proto-West Germanic *liudi, from Proto-Germanic *liudiz (“man; person; men; people”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁léwdʰis (“man, people”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁lewdʰ- (“to grow; people”). Doublet of leud. Cognates The English word is cognate with Dutch lieden (“people”), lui(den) (“people”), German Leute (“people”), Norwegian lyd (“people”), Polish lud (“people”), Russian люди (ljudi, “people”), West Frisian lie (“people”).
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Root classification mention*h₁lewdʰ-ine-pro
- Inherited-form mentionledeenm
- Inherited-form mentionlēodang · man; chief, leader; (poetic) prince; a people, people group; nation
- Inherited-form mentionlēodaang · man; person; native of a country
- Inherited-form mentionlēodeang · men; people; the people of a country
- Inherited-form mention*liudigmw-pro
- Inherited-form mention*liudizgem-pro · man; person; men; people
- Inherited-form mention*h₁léwdʰisine-pro · man, people
- Inherited-form mention*h₁lewdʰ-ine-pro · to grow; people
- Doublet mentionleuden
- Cognate mentionliedennl · people
- Cognate mentionLeutede · people
- Cognate mentionlydno · people
- Cognate mentionludpl · people
- Cognate mentionлюдиru · people
- Cognate mentionliefy · people
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "root",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁lewdʰ-"
},
"expansion": ""
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "lede"
},
"expansion": "Middle English lede"
},
{
"name": "nb...",
"args": {
"1": "led, ledd, leid, leide, leod, leude, leyde, lide, lud, lude, lued, luþe, (Early Middle English) ledin, leoda, leodæ, leoden",
"otherforms": "1"
},
"expansion": "[and other forms]"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "lēod",
"t": "man; chief, leader; (poetic) prince; a people, people group; nation"
},
"expansion": "Old English lēod (“man; chief, leader; (poetic) prince; a people, people group; nation”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "lēoda",
"t": "man; person; native of a country"
},
"expansion": "Old English lēoda (“man; person; native of a country”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "lēode",
"t": "men; people; the people of a country"
},
"expansion": "Old English lēode (“men; people; the people of a country”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*liudi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *liudi"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*liudiz",
"t": "man; person; men; people"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *liudiz (“man; person; men; people”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁léwdʰis",
"t": "man, people"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁léwdʰis (“man, people”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁lewdʰ-",
"t": "to grow; people"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁lewdʰ- (“to grow; people”)"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹"
},
{
"name": "doublet",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "leud"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of leud"
},
{
"name": "col-top",
"args": {
"1": "2",
"2": "cog"
},
"expansion": "Cognates"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "lieden",
"t": "people"
},
"expansion": "Dutch lieden (“people”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Leute",
"t": "people"
},
"expansion": "German Leute (“people”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "lyd",
"t": "people"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian lyd (“people”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "lud",
"t": "people"
},
"expansion": "Polish lud (“people”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "люди",
"t": "people"
},
"expansion": "Russian люди (ljudi, “people”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "lie",
"t": "people"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian lie (“people”)"
}
],
"links": [
[
"lede",
"lede#Middle_English"
],
[
"leode",
"leode#Middle_English"
],
[
"lēod",
"leod#Old_English"
],
[
"lēoda",
"leoda#Old_English"
],
[
"lēod",
"leod#Old_English"
],
[
"lēode",
"leode#Old_English"
],
[
"lēod",
"leod#Old_English"
],
[
"Lēod",
"leod#Old_English"
],
[
"*liudi",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/liudi"
],
[
"*liudiz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/liudiz"
],
[
"*h₁léwdʰis",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁léwdʰis"
],
[
"*h₁lewdʰ-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁lewdʰ-"
],
[
"leud",
"leud#English"
],
[
"lieden",
"lieden#Dutch"
],
[
"lui(den)",
"lui#Dutch"
],
[
"Leute",
"Leute#German"
],
[
"lyd",
"lyd#Norwegian"
],
[
"lud",
"lud#Polish"
],
[
"люди",
"люди#Russian"
],
[
"lie",
"lie#West_Frisian"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "noun",
"glosses": [
"A man; a person."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"recordId": "1b4fe43129461145b32a6d427cd89cccd3107c408fc1474afd57c8b56c9b4359",
"rawRecordSha256": "7aa74cc8c0487ccaeb65f286a2089613f4161218fc027c7c44c8df3216197a6b",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 371256
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
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"lexicalRecords": 0,
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}