Source etymology 1
Original entry ↗noun
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryA large, landlocked stretch of water or similar liquid. · A large amount of liquid. · A small stream of running water; a channel for water; a drain. · A pit, or ditch.
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *leg-der. Proto-Germanic *lekanądeverb. Proto-Germanic *lakō Proto-West Germanic *laku Old English lacu Middle English lake Proto-Indo-European *lókus Proto-Italic *lakus Latin lacuslbor.? Old French lacbor. Middle English lac English lake Arose from a conflation of * Middle English lake (“small stream of running water, pool, lake”), from Old English lacu (“stream, pool, pond, lake”), from Proto-West Germanic *laku, from Proto-Germanic *lakō (“stream, pool, body of water", originally "a place where water runs off and collects”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *leg- (“to leak, drain”); with * Middle English lac (“lake”), from Old French lac (“lake, ditch, pit”), a borrowed term, likely from Latin lacus (“lake, tub, vat”) (see Old French lac for more). The first element is related to Dutch laak (“stream, drainage ditch, pond”), German Low German Lake, Laak (“drainage, marshland”), German Lache (“puddle, pool”), Norwegian løk (“a deep, slow-moving stream; a widening in a stream or river”), Faroese løkur (“small brook”) and lækja (“water hole, well, watershoot in a brook”), Icelandic lækur (“stream”). Despite their similarity in form and meaning, Old English lacu is not related to English lay (“lake”), Latin lacus (“hollow, lake, pond”), Scottish Gaelic loch (“lake”), Ancient Greek λάκκος (lákkos, “waterhole, tank, pond, pit”), all from Proto-Indo-European *lókus, *l̥kwés (“lake, pool”).
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Inherited-form mentionlakeenm · small stream of running water, pool, lake
- Inherited-form mentionlacuang · stream, pool, pond, lake
- Inherited-form mention*lakugmw-pro
- Inherited-form mention*lakōgem-pro · stream, pool, body of water", originally "a place where water runs off and collects
- Derivation mention*leg-ine-pro · to leak, drain
- Cognate mentionlaaknl · stream, drainage ditch, pond
- Cognate mentionLachede · puddle, pool
- Cognate mentionløkno · a deep, slow-moving stream; a widening in a stream or river
- Cognate mentionløkurfo · small brook
- Cognate mentionlækuris · stream
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "ety",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:lake<ety:inh<ang:lacu>>",
"4": "enm:lac<ety:bor<fro:lac>>",
"id": "body of water",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *leg-der.\nProto-Germanic *lekanądeverb.\nProto-Germanic *lakō\nProto-West Germanic *laku\nOld English lacu\nMiddle English lake\nProto-Indo-European *lókus\nProto-Italic *lakus\nLatin lacuslbor.?\nOld French lacbor.\nMiddle English lac\nEnglish lake\n[Appendix:Glossary#deverbal|Deverbal]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*leg-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*lekaną\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"deverbal\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*lakō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*laku\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"lacu\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"lake\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"lbor.\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Learned borrowing from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*lókus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*lakus\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"lacus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"lac\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"lac\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"lake\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"body of water\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"lake\" id=\"English:_body_of_water\">"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "lake",
"t": "small stream of running water, pool, lake"
},
"expansion": "Middle English lake (“small stream of running water, pool, lake”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "lacu",
"t": "stream, pool, pond, lake"
},
"expansion": "Old English lacu (“stream, pool, pond, lake”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*laku"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *laku"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*lakō",
"t": "stream, pool, body of water\", originally \"a place where water runs off and collects"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *lakō (“stream, pool, body of water\", originally \"a place where water runs off and collects”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*leg-",
"t": "to leak, drain"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *leg- (“to leak, drain”)"
},
{
"name": "noncog",
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "lac",
"t": "lake"
},
"expansion": "Middle English lac (“lake”)"
},
{
"name": "noncog",
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "lac",
"t": "lake, ditch, pit"
},
"expansion": "Old French lac (“lake, ditch, pit”)"
},
{
"name": "noncog",
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "lacus",
"t": "lake, tub, vat"
},
"expansion": "Latin lacus (“lake, tub, vat”)"
},
{
"name": "m+",
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "lac"
},
"expansion": "Old French lac"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "laak",
"t": "stream, drainage ditch, pond"
},
"expansion": "Dutch laak (“stream, drainage ditch, pond”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "Lake"
},
"expansion": "German Low German Lake"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Lache",
"t": "puddle, pool"
},
"expansion": "German Lache (“puddle, pool”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "løk",
"t": "a deep, slow-moving stream; a widening in a stream or river"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian løk (“a deep, slow-moving stream; a widening in a stream or river”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "løkur",
"t": "small brook"
},
"expansion": "Faroese løkur (“small brook”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "lækur",
"t": "stream"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic lækur (“stream”)"
},
{
"name": "m+",
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "lacu"
},
"expansion": "Old English lacu"
},
{
"name": "noncog",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "lay#Etymology_2",
"t": "lake"
},
"expansion": "English lay (“lake”)"
},
{
"name": "noncog",
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "lacus",
"t": "hollow, lake, pond"
},
"expansion": "Latin lacus (“hollow, lake, pond”)"
},
{
"name": "noncog",
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "loch",
"t": "lake"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic loch (“lake”)"
},
{
"name": "noncog",
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "λάκκος",
"t": "waterhole, tank, pond, pit"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek λάκκος (lákkos, “waterhole, tank, pond, pit”)"
},
{
"name": "noncog",
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*lókus",
"3": "*lókus, *l̥kwés",
"t": "lake, pool"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *lókus, *l̥kwés (“lake, pool”)"
},
{
"name": "ety",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:lake<ety:inh<ang:lacu>>",
"4": "enm:lac<ety:bor<fro:lac>>",
"id": "body of water",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *leg-der.\nProto-Germanic *lekanądeverb.\nProto-Germanic *lakō\nProto-West Germanic *laku\nOld English lacu\nMiddle English lake\nProto-Indo-European *lókus\nProto-Italic *lakus\nLatin lacuslbor.?\nOld French lacbor.\nMiddle English lac\nEnglish lake"
}
],
"links": [
[
"*leg-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/leg-"
],
[
"*lekaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/lekaną"
],
[
"*lakō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/lakō"
],
[
"*laku",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/laku"
],
[
"lacu",
"lacu#Old_English"
],
[
"lake",
"lake#Middle_English"
],
[
"*lókus",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/lókus"
],
[
"*lakus",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/lakus"
],
[
"lacus",
"lacus#Latin"
],
[
"lac",
"lac#Old_French"
],
[
"lac",
"lac#Middle_English"
],
[
"lake",
"lake#Middle_English"
],
[
"lacu",
"lacu#Old_English"
],
[
"*laku",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/laku"
],
[
"*lakō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/lakō"
],
[
"*leg-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/leg-"
],
[
"lac",
"lac#Middle_English"
],
[
"lac",
"lac#Old_French"
],
[
"lacus",
"lacus#Latin"
],
[
"lac",
"lac#Old_French"
],
[
"laak",
"laak#Dutch"
],
[
"Lake",
"Lake#Low_German"
],
[
"Laak",
"Laak#Low_German"
],
[
"Lache",
"Lache#German"
],
[
"løk",
"løk#Norwegian"
],
[
"løkur",
"løkur#Faroese"
],
[
"lækja",
"lækja#Faroese"
],
[
"lækur",
"lækur#Icelandic"
],
[
"lacu",
"lacu#Old_English"
],
[
"lay",
"lay#Etymology_2"
],
[
"lacus",
"lacus#Latin"
],
[
"loch",
"loch#Scottish_Gaelic"
],
[
"λάκκος",
"λάκκος#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"*lókus, *l̥kwés",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/lókus"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "noun",
"glosses": [
"A large, landlocked stretch of water or similar liquid.",
"A large amount of liquid.",
"A small stream of running water; a channel for water; a drain.",
"A pit, or ditch."
],
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"obsolete"
],
"recordId": "f691c0ced4eecf61bbd783b04939707dedef8baeace155f1271d6909edd8ec1f",
"rawRecordSha256": "b5d942cabc24afad881529cbd402de2509a14e7ff0f7df7bbda8d3c4daa7a456",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 36510
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
"templates": 0,
"links": 0,
"references": 0,
"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 0,
"glosses": 0
}
}