*SET-U

English word origin

Etymology of on-

From Middle English on-, from Old English on-, an-, from Proto-West Germanic *ana-, from Proto-Germanic *an-, *ana- (“on-”), from Proto-Indo-European *ano-, *nō- (“on”). Cognate with Dutch aan-, German an-, Swedish an-.

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In this entry · 1 source sections

The source etymologies

Wiktionary via Kaikki / Wiktextract

The source reports below are imported and unreviewed by *SET-U. Separate numbered origins and differing source variants are preserved; agreement within this extraction is not independent corroboration.

Unnumbered source etymology

Original entry ↗
prefix

on, at, toward, upon.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

From Middle English on-, from Old English on-, an-, from Proto-West Germanic *ana-, from Proto-Germanic *an-, *ana- (“on-”), from Proto-Indo-European *ano-, *nō- (“on”). Cognate with Dutch aan-, German an-, Swedish an-. Doublet of ana-.

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

  • Root classification mention*h₂en-ine-pro
  • Inherited-form mentionon-enm
  • Inherited-form mentionon-ang
  • Inherited-form mention*ana-gmw-pro
  • Inherited-form mention*an-gem-pro
  • Inherited-form mention*ano-ine-pro
  • Cognate mentionaan-nl
  • Cognate mentionan-de
  • Cognate mentionan-sv
  • Doublet mentionana-en
Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "root",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₂en-"
      },
      "expansion": ""
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "on-"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English on-"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "on-"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English on-"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*ana-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *ana-"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*an-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *an-"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*ano-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ano-"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "aan-"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch aan-"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "an-"
      },
      "expansion": "German an-"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "an-"
      },
      "expansion": "Swedish an-"
    },
    {
      "name": "doublet",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ana-"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of ana-"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "on-",
      "on-#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "on-",
      "on-#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "an-",
      "an-#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "*ana-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/ana-"
    ],
    [
      "*an-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/an-"
    ],
    [
      "*ana-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ana-"
    ],
    [
      "*ano-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ano-"
    ],
    [
      "*nō-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/nō-"
    ],
    [
      "aan-",
      "aan-#Dutch"
    ],
    [
      "an-",
      "an-#German"
    ],
    [
      "an-",
      "an-#Swedish"
    ],
    [
      "ana-",
      "ana-#English"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "prefix",
      "glosses": [
        "on, at, toward, upon."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ],
      "recordId": "417bf70c95b9e0d921fd64529050bdb061e9df5c52d0b5fba8c707d437f35234",
      "rawRecordSha256": "0eecced60ea4dde29cd58acae96f73dcb70199f811f11d841d9c7d302b4e1992",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 270114
    }
  ],
  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
    "templates": 0,
    "links": 0,
    "references": 0,
    "descendants": 0,
    "lexicalRecords": 0,
    "lexicalSenses": 0,
    "glosses": 0
  }
}

Where this record stops

This page does not supply an independently verified sound-change sequence, first-use manuscript or complete family tree unless a cited analysis explicitly establishes one. Missing detail here is a limit of this record—not a claim that humanity knows nothing more.

An older meaning does not determine what a word must mean today. Follow the sources, preserve disagreements, and keep ancestry separate from interpretation.

Contribute located evidence for on- →

Source and snapshot

Imported from Wiktionary contributors; extracted by Tatu Ylonen / Wiktextract / Kaikki.org. Selected fields are reformatted and grouped; wording, source identity and etymology sections are retained. CC-BY-SA-4.0 applies to the imported source material.

Dump: 2026-10-01 · Extracted: 2026-10-30. These are snapshot dates, not the word’s first attestation or the page’s revision date.

Source entry and bibliography ↗Wiktionary revision history ↗Acquisition and rights ledger
Machine-source provenance
Source SHA-256
5ff2c072f8099f2d2ce484bd6957bf179f046d2ad37bc36555edf8bb84cb5291
Import run
73216b9a9b78ed3830994bf853103716f5a4dc57099e371e9f8fdc468facca26
Permanent entry ID
w-b24t