Source etymology 1 · variant 1/2
Original entry ↗noun
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryA male monarch; a man who heads a monarchy; in an absolute monarchy, the supreme ruler of his nation. · The monarch with the most power and authority in a monarchy, regardless of sex. · A male leader of a traditional Aboriginal group, often used as a title by colonists. · A powerful or majorly influential person; someone who holds the preeminent position.
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁- Proto-Indo-European *-yós Proto-Germanic *kunją Proto-Indo-European *-n̥kʷo-der.? Proto-Indo-European *-nós Proto-Indo-European *-iHnos Proto-Germanic *-īnaz Proto-Indo-European *-kos Proto-Germanic *-gaz ? Proto-Germanic *-ingaz Proto-Germanic *kuningaz Proto-West Germanic *kuning Old English cyning Middle English king English king From Middle English king, kyng, kynge, from Old English cening, cing, cining, cuning, cyncg, cyneg, cyng, cyngc, cynig, cyning, king, kining, kuning, kyning, kyningc (“king”), from Proto-West Germanic *kuning, from Proto-Germanic *kuningaz, *kunungaz (“king”), from *kunją (“clan, family, kin”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁- (“to produce; to beget”). Equivalent to kin + -ing. Doublet of cyning and knez. Cognates Cognate with Yola king, kinge (“king”), North Frisian kining, köning (“king”), Saterland Frisian Kening, König, Köänig (“king”), West Frisian kening (“king”), Alemannic German Chüng, Künig (“king”), Bavarian Kini (“king”), Central Franconian Künning (“king”), Cimbrian khuuneg (“king”), Dutch koning (“king”), German König (“king”), Luxembourgish Kinnek (“king”), Vilamovian kyng (“king”), Yiddish קעניג (kenig), קיניג (kinig, “king”), Danish kong, konge, konning (“king”), Elfdalian kunungg (“king”), Faroese kongur (“king”), Icelandic kóngur, konungur (“king”), Norwegian Bokmål konge (“king”), Norwegian Nynorsk konge (“king”), Scanian káng (“king”), Swedish konung, kung (“king”), Latgalian and Latvian kungs (“gentlemen”), Lithuanian kunigas (“priest”), Belarusian, Russian, and Ukrainian князь (knjazʹ, “prince; duke”), Bulgarian кнез (knez), княз (knjaz, “prince”), Czech kněz (“priest”), kníže (“prince”), Macedonian кнез (knez, “prince”), Polish ksiądz, xiądz (“priest; prince”), Serbo-Croatian кне̑з, knȇz (“prince”), Slovak kňaz (“priest”), knieža (“prince”), Slovene knez (“prince”), Estonian and Finnish kuningas (“king”), Ingrian kunigas, kunikas, kuningas (“king”), Veps kunigaz (“king”), Votic kunikõz (“king”), Võro kuning (“king”), Inari Sami kunâgâs (“king”), Kildin Sami коа̄нгэсс (kåångess), ко̄нгэс (kōnges, “bridegroom; king”), Lule Sami and Pite Sami gånågis (“king”), Northern Sami gonagas (“king”), Skolt Sami koonǥõs (“king”), Ter Sami конагас (konâgas, “king”); also Breton genel (“to bear”), Irish and Scottish Gaelic gin (“birth; fetus; offspring”), Welsh geni (“to be born”), Latin genō (“to bear, beget; to produce, yield”), Greek γενεά (geneá), γενιά (geniá, “ancestry, kin; generation”), Albanian dhen, dhën (“caprids, small livestock”), Lithuanian žentas (“son-in-law”), Belarusian зяць (zjacʹ, “brother-in-law; son-in-law”), Bulgarian and Macedonian зет (zet, “brother-in-law; son-in-law”), Czech zeť (“son-in-law”), Polish zięć (“son-on-law”), Russian зять (zjatʹ, “brother-in-law; son-in-law”), Serbo-Croatian зе̏т, zȅt (“brother-in-law; son-in-law”), Slovak zať (“son-in-law”), Slovene zet (“son-in-law”), Ukrainian зєть (zjetʹ), зять (zjatʹ, “brother-in-law; son-in-law”), Armenian ծնել (cnel, “to bear”), Avestan 𐬰𐬄𐬚𐬀𐬭 (ząθar, “father, progenitor; Creator”), Pashto زېږېدل (zeǵedël, “to be born”), Persian زادن (zādan / zâdan), زاییدن (zāyīdan / zâyidan, “to give birth”), Sanskrit जनति (janati, “to beget, create, produce; to assign, procure”). Eclipsed non-native Middle English roy (“king”) (Early Modern English roy), borrowed from Old French rei, roi, roy (“king”). The verb is inherited from Middle English kingen, kyngen (“to perform the duties of a king”), itself from the noun.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Inherited-form mentionkingenm
- Inherited-form mentionceningang
- Inherited-form mention*kuninggmw-pro
- Inherited-form mention*kuningazgem-pro
- Inherited-form mention*ǵenh₁-ine-pro · to produce; to beget
- Doublet mentioncyningen
- Doublet mentionknezen
- Cognate mentionkingyol
- Cognate mentionkiningfrr
- Cognate mentionKeningstq
- Cognate mentionkeningfy · king
- Cognate mentionChünggsw
- Cognate mentionKinibar · king
- Cognate mentionKünninggmw-cfr · king
- Cognate mentionkhuunegcim · king
- Cognate mentionkoningnl · king
- Cognate mentionKönigde · king
- Cognate mentionKinneklb · king
- Cognate mentionkyngwym · king
- Cognate mentionקעניגyi
- Cognate mentionkongda
- Cognate mentionkununggovd · king
- Cognate mentionkongurfo · king
- Cognate mentionkónguris
- Cognate mentionkongenb · king
- Cognate mentionkongenn · king
- Cognate mentionkánggmq-scy · king
- Cognate mentionkonungsv
- Cognate mentionkunigaslt · priest
- Cognate mentionкнезbg
- Cognate mentionknězcs · priest
- Cognate mentionкнезmk · prince
- Cognate mentionksiądzpl
- Cognate mentionкне̑зsh
- Cognate mentionkňazsk · priest
- Cognate mentionknezsl · prince
- Cognate mentionkunigasizh
- Cognate mentionkunigazvep · king
- Cognate mentionkunikõzvot · king
- Cognate mentionkuningvro · king
- Cognate mentionkunâgâssmn · king
- Cognate mentionкоа̄нгэссsjd
- Cognate mentiongonagasse · king
- Cognate mentionkoonǥõssms · king
- Cognate mentionконагасsjt · king
- Cognate mentiongenelbr · to bear
- Cognate mentiongenicy · to be born
- Cognate mentiongenōla · to bear, beget; to produce, yield
- Cognate mentionγενεάel
- Cognate mentiondhensq
- Cognate mentionžentaslt · son-in-law
- Cognate mentionзяцьbe · brother-in-law; son-in-law
- Cognate mentionzeťcs · son-in-law
- Cognate mentionzięćpl · son-on-law
- Cognate mentionзятьru · brother-in-law; son-in-law
- Cognate mentionзе̏тsh
- Cognate mentionzaťsk · son-in-law
- Cognate mentionzetsl · son-in-law
- Cognate mentionзєтьuk
- Cognate mentionծնելhy · to bear
- Cognate mention𐬰𐬄𐬚𐬀𐬭ae · father, progenitor; Creator
- Cognate mentionزېږېدلps · to be born
- Cognate mentionزادنfa
- Cognate mentionजनतिsa · to beget, create, produce; to assign, procure
- Inherited-form mentionkyngenenm
- Inherited-form mentionkyngenenm · to perform the duties of a king
This page abbreviates 25 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:king",
"id": "monarch",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁-\nProto-Indo-European *-yós\nProto-Germanic *kunją\nProto-Indo-European *-n̥kʷo-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Indo-European *-iHnos\nProto-Germanic *-īnaz\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Germanic *-gaz\n?\nProto-Germanic *-ingaz\nProto-Germanic *kuningaz\nProto-West Germanic *kuning\nOld English cyning\nMiddle English king\nEnglish king\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*kunją\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"belonging to\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-n̥kʷo-\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"verbal adjectives\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-nós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-iHnos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-īnaz\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectives\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-kos\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-gaz\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-ingaz\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*kuningaz\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*kuning\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"cyning\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"king\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"king\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"monarch\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"king\" id=\"English:_monarch\">"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "king"
},
"expansion": "Middle English king"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "cening"
},
"expansion": "Old English cening"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*kuning"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kuning"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kuningaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kuningaz"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵenh₁-",
"t": "to produce; to beget"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁- (“to produce; to beget”)"
},
{
"name": "suffix",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "kin",
"3": "ing",
"id2": "diminutive"
},
"expansion": "kin + -ing"
},
{
"name": "doublet",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cyning",
"3": "knez"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of cyning and knez"
},
{
"name": "col-top",
"args": {
"1": "2",
"2": "cog"
},
"expansion": "Cognates"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "king"
},
"expansion": "Yola king"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "kining"
},
"expansion": "North Frisian kining"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Kening"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian Kening"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "kening",
"t": "king"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian kening (“king”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "gsw",
"2": "Chüng"
},
"expansion": "Alemannic German Chüng"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "bar",
"2": "Kini",
"t": "king"
},
"expansion": "Bavarian Kini (“king”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "gmw-cfr",
"2": "Künning",
"t": "king"
},
"expansion": "Central Franconian Künning (“king”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "cim",
"2": "khuuneg",
"t": "king"
},
"expansion": "Cimbrian khuuneg (“king”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "koning",
"t": "king"
},
"expansion": "Dutch koning (“king”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "König",
"t": "king"
},
"expansion": "German König (“king”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "Kinnek",
"t": "king"
},
"expansion": "Luxembourgish Kinnek (“king”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "wym",
"2": "kyng",
"t": "king"
},
"expansion": "Vilamovian kyng (“king”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "yi",
"2": "קעניג"
},
"expansion": "Yiddish קעניג (kenig)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "kong"
},
"expansion": "Danish kong"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ovd",
"2": "kunungg",
"t": "king"
},
"expansion": "Elfdalian kunungg (“king”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "kongur",
"t": "king"
},
"expansion": "Faroese kongur (“king”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "kóngur"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic kóngur"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "konge",
"t": "king"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål konge (“king”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "konge",
"t": "king"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk konge (“king”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "gmq-scy",
"2": "káng",
"t": "king"
},
"expansion": "Scanian káng (“king”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "konung"
},
"expansion": "Swedish konung"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ltg,lv",
"2": "kungs",
"t": "gentlemen"
},
"expansion": "Latgalian and Latvian kungs (“gentlemen”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kunigas",
"t": "priest"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian kunigas (“priest”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "be,ru,uk",
"2": "князь",
"t": "prince; duke"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian, Russian, and Ukrainian князь (knjazʹ, “prince; duke”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "кнез"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian кнез (knez)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "kněz",
"t": "priest"
},
"expansion": "Czech kněz (“priest”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "кнез",
"t": "prince"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian кнез (knez, “prince”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ksiądz"
},
"expansion": "Polish ksiądz"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "кне̑з"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian кне̑з"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "kňaz",
"t": "priest"
},
"expansion": "Slovak kňaz (“priest”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "knez",
"t": "prince"
},
"expansion": "Slovene knez (“prince”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "et,fi",
"2": "kuningas",
"t": "king"
},
"expansion": "Estonian and Finnish kuningas (“king”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "kunigas"
},
"expansion": "Ingrian kunigas"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "kunigaz",
"t": "king"
},
"expansion": "Veps kunigaz (“king”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "kunikõz",
"t": "king"
},
"expansion": "Votic kunikõz (“king”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "vro",
"2": "kuning",
"t": "king"
},
"expansion": "Võro kuning (“king”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "smn",
"2": "kunâgâs",
"t": "king"
},
"expansion": "Inari Sami kunâgâs (“king”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sjd",
"2": "коа̄нгэсс"
},
"expansion": "Kildin Sami коа̄нгэсс (kåångess)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "smj,sje",
"2": "gånågis",
"t": "king"
},
"expansion": "Lule Sami and Pite Sami gånågis (“king”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "se",
"2": "gonagas",
"t": "king"
},
"expansion": "Northern Sami gonagas (“king”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sms",
"2": "koonǥõs",
"t": "king"
},
"expansion": "Skolt Sami koonǥõs (“king”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sjt",
"2": "конагас",
"t": "king"
},
"expansion": "Ter Sami конагас (konâgas, “king”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "genel",
"t": "to bear"
},
"expansion": "Breton genel (“to bear”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ga,gd",
"2": "gin",
"t": "birth; fetus; offspring"
},
"expansion": "Irish and Scottish Gaelic gin (“birth; fetus; offspring”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "geni",
"t": "to be born"
},
"expansion": "Welsh geni (“to be born”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "genō",
"t": "to bear, beget; to produce, yield"
},
"expansion": "Latin genō (“to bear, beget; to produce, yield”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "γενεά"
},
"expansion": "Greek γενεά (geneá)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "dhen"
},
"expansion": "Albanian dhen"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "žentas",
"t": "son-in-law"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian žentas (“son-in-law”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "зяць",
"t": "brother-in-law; son-in-law"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian зяць (zjacʹ, “brother-in-law; son-in-law”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "bg,mk",
"2": "зет",
"t": "brother-in-law; son-in-law"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian and Macedonian зет (zet, “brother-in-law; son-in-law”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "zeť",
"t": "son-in-law"
},
"expansion": "Czech zeť (“son-in-law”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zięć",
"t": "son-on-law"
},
"expansion": "Polish zięć (“son-on-law”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "зять",
"t": "brother-in-law; son-in-law"
},
"expansion": "Russian зять (zjatʹ, “brother-in-law; son-in-law”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "зе̏т"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian зе̏т"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "zať",
"t": "son-in-law"
},
"expansion": "Slovak zať (“son-in-law”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "zet",
"t": "son-in-law"
},
"expansion": "Slovene zet (“son-in-law”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "зєть"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian зєть (zjetʹ)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "hy",
"2": "ծնել",
"t": "to bear"
},
"expansion": "Armenian ծնել (cnel, “to bear”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬰𐬄𐬚𐬀𐬭",
"t": "father, progenitor; Creator"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬰𐬄𐬚𐬀𐬭 (ząθar, “father, progenitor; Creator”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ps",
"2": "زېږېدل",
"tr": "zeǵedël",
"t": "to be born"
},
"expansion": "Pashto زېږېدل (zeǵedël, “to be born”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "زادن",
"tr": "zādan / zâdan"
},
"expansion": "Persian زادن (zādan / zâdan)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "जनति",
"t": "to beget, create, produce; to assign, procure"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit जनति (janati, “to beget, create, produce; to assign, procure”)"
},
{
"name": "noncog",
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "roy",
"t": "king"
},
"expansion": "Middle English roy (“king”)"
},
{
"name": "noncog",
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "rei"
},
"expansion": "Old French rei"
},
{
"name": "yesno",
"args": {
"1": "1",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "i"
},
{
"name": "glossary",
"args": {
"1": "inherited"
},
"expansion": "inherited"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "kyngen",
"4": "kingen, kyngen",
"5": "to perform the duties of a king",
"lit": "",
"pos": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": "",
"id": "",
"sc": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"nocat": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle English kingen, kyngen (“to perform the duties of a king”)"
},
{
"name": "inh+",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "kyngen",
"alt": "kingen, kyngen",
"nocap": "1",
"t": "to perform the duties of a king"
},
"expansion": "inherited from Middle English kingen, kyngen (“to perform the duties of a king”)"
},
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:king",
"id": "monarch",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁-\nProto-Indo-European *-yós\nProto-Germanic *kunją\nProto-Indo-European *-n̥kʷo-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Indo-European *-iHnos\nProto-Germanic *-īnaz\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Germanic *-gaz\n?\nProto-Germanic *-ingaz\nProto-Germanic *kuningaz\nProto-West Germanic *kuning\nOld English cyning\nMiddle English king\nEnglish king"
}
],
"links": [
[
"*ǵenh₁-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵenh₁-#Proto-Indo-European:_produce"
],
[
"*-yós",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-yós#Proto-Indo-European:_suffix"
],
[
"*kunją",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kunją#Proto-Germanic:_kin"
],
[
"*-n̥kʷo-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-n̥kʷo-"
],
[
"*-nós",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-nós#Proto-Indo-European:_verbal_adjectives"
],
[
"*-iHnos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-iHnos"
],
[
"*-īnaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-īnaz"
],
[
"*-kos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-kos#Proto-Indo-European:_adjectives"
],
[
"*-gaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-gaz"
],
[
"*-ingaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-ingaz#Proto-Germanic:_belonging_to"
],
[
"*kuningaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kuningaz"
],
[
"*kuning",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/kuning"
],
[
"cyning",
"cyning#Old_English"
],
[
"king",
"king#Middle_English"
],
[
"king",
"king#Middle_English"
],
[
"kyng",
"kyng#Middle_English"
],
[
"kynge",
"kynge#Middle_English"
],
[
"cening",
"cening#Old_English"
],
[
"cing",
"cing#Old_English"
],
[
"cining",
"cining#Old_English"
],
[
"cuning",
"cuning#Old_English"
],
[
"cyncg",
"cyncg#Old_English"
],
[
"cyneg",
"cyneg#Old_English"
],
[
"cyng",
"cyng#Old_English"
],
[
"cyngc",
"cyngc#Old_English"
],
[
"cynig",
"cynig#Old_English"
],
[
"cyning",
"cyning#Old_English"
],
[
"king",
"king#Old_English"
],
[
"kining",
"kining#Old_English"
],
[
"kuning",
"kuning#Old_English"
],
[
"kyning",
"kyning#Old_English"
],
[
"kyningc",
"kyningc#Old_English"
],
[
"*kuning",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/kuning"
],
[
"*kuningaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kuningaz"
],
[
"*kunungaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kunungaz"
],
[
"*kunją",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kunją"
],
[
"*ǵenh₁-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵenh₁-"
],
[
"kin",
"kin#English"
],
[
"-ing",
"-ing#English:_diminutive"
],
[
"cyning",
"cyning#English"
],
[
"knez",
"knez#English"
],
[
"king",
"king#Yola"
],
[
"kinge",
"kinge#Yola"
],
[
"kining",
"kining#North_Frisian"
],
[
"köning",
"köning#North_Frisian"
],
[
"Kening",
"Kening#Saterland_Frisian"
],
[
"König",
"König#Saterland_Frisian"
],
[
"Köänig",
"Köänig#Saterland_Frisian"
],
[
"kening",
"kening#West_Frisian"
],
[
"Chüng",
"Chüng#Alemannic_German"
],
[
"Künig",
"Künig#Alemannic_German"
],
[
"Kini",
"Kini#Bavarian"
],
[
"Künning",
"Künning#Central_Franconian"
],
[
"khuuneg",
"khuuneg#Cimbrian"
],
[
"koning",
"koning#Dutch"
],
[
"König",
"König#German"
],
[
"Kinnek",
"Kinnek#Luxembourgish"
],
[
"kyng",
"kyng#Vilamovian"
],
[
"קעניג",
"קעניג#Yiddish"
],
[
"קיניג",
"קיניג#Yiddish"
],
[
"kong",
"kong#Danish"
],
[
"konge",
"konge#Danish"
],
[
"konning",
"konning#Danish"
],
[
"kunungg",
"kunungg#Elfdalian"
],
[
"kongur",
"kongur#Faroese"
],
[
"kóngur",
"kóngur#Icelandic"
],
[
"konungur",
"konungur#Icelandic"
],
[
"konge",
"konge#Norwegian_Bokmål"
],
[
"konge",
"konge#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
],
[
"káng",
"káng#Scanian"
],
[
"konung",
"konung#Swedish"
],
[
"kung",
"kung#Swedish"
],
[
"Latgalian",
"kungs#Latgalian"
],
[
"kungs",
"kungs#Latvian"
],
[
"kunigas",
"kunigas#Lithuanian"
],
[
"Belarusian",
"князь#Belarusian"
],
[
"Russian",
"князь#Russian"
],
[
"князь",
"князь#Ukrainian"
],
[
"кнез",
"кнез#Bulgarian"
],
[
"княз",
"княз#Bulgarian"
],
[
"kněz",
"kněz#Czech"
],
[
"kníže",
"kníže#Czech"
],
[
"кнез",
"кнез#Macedonian"
],
[
"ksiądz",
"ksiądz#Polish"
],
[
"xiądz",
"xiądz#Polish"
],
[
"кне̑з",
"кнез#Serbo-Croatian"
],
[
"knȇz",
"knez#Serbo-Croatian"
],
[
"kňaz",
"kňaz#Slovak"
],
[
"knieža",
"knieža#Slovak"
],
[
"knez",
"knez#Slovene"
],
[
"Estonian",
"kuningas#Estonian"
],
[
"kuningas",
"kuningas#Finnish"
],
[
"kunigas",
"kunigas#Ingrian"
],
[
"kunikas",
"kunikas#Ingrian"
],
[
"kuningas",
"kuningas#Ingrian"
],
[
"kunigaz",
"kunigaz#Veps"
],
[
"kunikõz",
"kunikõz#Votic"
],
[
"kuning",
"kuning#Võro"
],
[
"kunâgâs",
"kunâgâs#Inari_Sami"
],
[
"коа̄нгэсс",
"коа̄нгэсс#Kildin_Sami"
],
[
"ко̄нгэс",
"ко̄нгэс#Kildin_Sami"
],
[
"Lule Sami",
"gånågis#Lule_Sami"
],
[
"gånågis",
"gånågis#Pite_Sami"
],
[
"gonagas",
"gonagas#Northern_Sami"
],
[
"koonǥõs",
"koonǥõs#Skolt_Sami"
],
[
"конагас",
"конагас#Ter_Sami"
],
[
"genel",
"genel#Breton"
],
[
"Irish",
"gin#Irish"
],
[
"gin",
"gin#Scottish_Gaelic"
],
[
"geni",
"geni#Welsh"
],
[
"genō",
"geno#Latin"
],
[
"γενεά",
"γενεά#Greek"
],
[
"γενιά",
"γενιά#Greek"
],
[
"dhen",
"dhen#Albanian"
],
[
"dhën",
"dhën#Albanian"
],
[
"žentas",
"žentas#Lithuanian"
],
[
"зяць",
"зяць#Belarusian"
],
[
"Bulgarian",
"зет#Bulgarian"
],
[
"зет",
"зет#Macedonian"
],
[
"zeť",
"zeť#Czech"
],
[
"zięć",
"zięć#Polish"
],
[
"зять",
"зять#Russian"
],
[
"зе̏т",
"зет#Serbo-Croatian"
],
[
"zȅt",
"zet#Serbo-Croatian"
],
[
"zať",
"zať#Slovak"
],
[
"zet",
"zet#Slovene"
],
[
"зєть",
"зєть#Ukrainian"
],
[
"зять",
"зять#Ukrainian"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Tok Pisin",
"lang_code": "tpi",
"word": "king"
},
{
"lang": "American Sign Language",
"lang_code": "ase",
"word": "K@Shoulder K@Abdomen",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
]
},
{
"lang": "Burmese",
"lang_code": "my",
"word": "ကင်",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "kang"
},
{
"lang": "Isubu",
"lang_code": "szv",
"word": "kinge",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"word": "キング",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "kingu"
},
{
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"word": "킹",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "king"
},
{
"lang": "Māori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"word": "kīngi",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Marshallese",
"lang_code": "mh",
"word": "kiin̄",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Thai",
"lang_code": "th",
"word": "คิง",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "king"
}
],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "noun",
"glosses": [
"A male monarch; a man who heads a monarchy; in an absolute monarchy, the supreme ruler of his nation.",
"The monarch with the most power and authority in a monarchy, regardless of sex.",
"A male leader of a traditional Aboriginal group, often used as a title by colonists.",
"A powerful or majorly influential person; someone who holds the preeminent position."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"Australia",
"historical",
"figuratively"
],
"recordId": "28a1a417497cef2c248b29cd4e07c3bb53068073a5497c666bf87dc06493ba89",
"rawRecordSha256": "0cc6eea75ea7a623eae808a86500959af37d0fd9cc84148891cc1d8ca15ab1d8",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 14106
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
"templates": 0,
"links": 12,
"references": 0,
"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 13,
"glosses": 0
}
}