*SET-U

English word origin

Etymology of earl

From Middle English erl, erle, from Old English eorl, from Proto-West Germanic *erl, from Proto-Germanic *erlaz (compare Old Saxon erl, Old Norse jarl), from Proto-Germanic *erōną, *arōną (compare Old Norse jara (“fight,

1 source sectionExtended source reportWiktionary original ↗
In this entry · 1 source sections

The source etymologies

Wiktionary via Kaikki / Wiktextract

The source reports below are imported and unreviewed by *SET-U. Separate numbered origins and differing source variants are preserved; agreement within this extraction is not independent corroboration.

Unnumbered source etymology

Original entry ↗
noun

A British or Irish nobleman next in rank above a viscount and below a marquess; equivalent to a European count. A female using the style is termed a countess. · Any of various nymphalid butterflies of the genus Tanaecia. Other butterflies in this genus are called counts and viscounts.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

From Middle English erl, erle, from Old English eorl, from Proto-West Germanic *erl, from Proto-Germanic *erlaz (compare Old Saxon erl, Old Norse jarl), from Proto-Germanic *erōną, *arōną (compare Old Norse jara (“fight, battle”)). Doublet of eorl and jarl. Unrelated to ealdorman (“alderman”).

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

  • Inherited-form mentionerlenm
  • Inherited-form mentioneorlang
  • Inherited-form mention*erlgmw-pro
  • Inherited-form mention*erlazgem-pro
  • Cognate mentionerlosx
  • Cognate mentionjarlnon
  • Derivation mention*erōnągem-pro
  • Cognate mentionjaranon · fight, battle
  • Doublet mentioneorlen
  • Doublet mentionjarlen
Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "erl"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English erl"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "eorl"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English eorl"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*erl"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *erl"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*erlaz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *erlaz"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "osx",
        "2": "erl"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Saxon erl"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "jarl"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse jarl"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*erōną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *erōną"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "jara",
        "t": "fight, battle"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse jara (“fight, battle”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "doublet",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "eorl",
        "3": "jarl"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of eorl and jarl"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "erl",
      "erl#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "erle",
      "erle#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "eorl",
      "eorl#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "*erl",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/erl"
    ],
    [
      "*erlaz",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/erlaz"
    ],
    [
      "erl",
      "erl#Old_Saxon"
    ],
    [
      "jarl",
      "jarl#Old_Norse"
    ],
    [
      "*erōną",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/erōną"
    ],
    [
      "*arōną",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/arōną"
    ],
    [
      "jara",
      "jara#Old_Norse"
    ],
    [
      "eorl",
      "eorl#English"
    ],
    [
      "jarl",
      "jarl#English"
    ],
    [
      "ealdorman",
      "ealdorman#Old_English"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "noun",
      "glosses": [
        "A British or Irish nobleman next in rank above a viscount and below a marquess; equivalent to a European count. A female using the style is termed a countess.",
        "Any of various nymphalid butterflies of the genus Tanaecia. Other butterflies in this genus are called counts and viscounts."
      ],
      "tags": [],
      "recordId": "e40de69f8369d86949eade140b40cece38afe06d6a5453a0350cad693d0aeeda",
      "rawRecordSha256": "8d587138506cd9c5594fdd05599e4225a737ffc9e2f778f63a2ec890f7c7e902",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 40048
    }
  ],
  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
    "templates": 0,
    "links": 0,
    "references": 0,
    "descendants": 0,
    "lexicalRecords": 0,
    "lexicalSenses": 0,
    "glosses": 0
  }
}

Where this record stops

This page does not supply an independently verified sound-change sequence, first-use manuscript or complete family tree unless a cited analysis explicitly establishes one. Missing detail here is a limit of this record—not a claim that humanity knows nothing more.

An older meaning does not determine what a word must mean today. Follow the sources, preserve disagreements, and keep ancestry separate from interpretation.

Contribute located evidence for earl →

Source and snapshot

Imported from Wiktionary contributors; extracted by Tatu Ylonen / Wiktextract / Kaikki.org. Selected fields are reformatted and grouped; wording, source identity and etymology sections are retained. CC-BY-SA-4.0 applies to the imported source material.

Dump: 2026-10-01 · Extracted: 2026-10-30. These are snapshot dates, not the word’s first attestation or the page’s revision date.

Source entry and bibliography ↗Wiktionary revision history ↗Acquisition and rights ledger
Machine-source provenance
Source SHA-256
5ff2c072f8099f2d2ce484bd6957bf179f046d2ad37bc36555edf8bb84cb5291
Import run
73216b9a9b78ed3830994bf853103716f5a4dc57099e371e9f8fdc468facca26
Permanent entry ID
w-ZWFybA