Etymology of alone

The source reports below are imported and unreviewed by *SET-U. Separate numbered origins and differing source variants are preserved; agreement within this extraction is not independent corroboration.

Unnumbered source etymology

Original entry ↗

adv

By oneself; apart from, or exclusive of, others; solo. · Without outside help. · Not permitting anything further; exclusively. · Not requiring anything further; merely.

adj

By oneself, solitary. · Not involved in a romantic relationship. · Lacking peers who share one's beliefs, experiences, practices, etc. · Apart from, or exclusive of, others.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₂el-der.? Proto-Indo-European *h₂elnós Proto-Germanic *allaz Proto-West Germanic *all Old English eall Proto-Indo-European *ís? Proto-Indo-European *h₁óynos Proto-Germanic *ainaz Proto-West Germanic *ain Old English ān Old English eall ān Middle English all oon Middle English allone English alone From Middle English allone, from earlier all oon (literally “all one”), contracted from the Old English phrase eall ān (“completely alone”), equivalent to al- (“all”) + one. Cognate with Scots alane (“alone”), Saterland Frisian alleene (“alone”), West Frisian allinne (“alone”), Dutch alleen (“alone”), Low German alleen (“alone”), German allein (“alone”), Danish alene (“alone”), Swedish allena (“alone”). More at all and one. For the different phonological development of alone and one, see the note in one.

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

Inherited-form mentionalloneenm
Word-formation componentoneen
Cognate mentionalanesco · alone
Cognate mentionalleenestq · alone
Cognate mentionallinnefy · alone
Cognate mentionalleennl · alone
Cognate mentionalleennds · alone
Cognate mentionalleinde · alone
Cognate mentionaleneda · alone
Cognate mentionallenasv · alone

This page abbreviates 3 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

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  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "ety",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "enm:allone",
        "4": ":afeq",
        "5": "all",
        "6": "one",
        "7": ":afeq",
        "8": "al-",
        "9": "one",
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      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *h₂elnós\nProto-Germanic *allaz\nProto-West Germanic *all\nOld English eall\nProto-Indo-European *ís?\nProto-Indo-European *h₁óynos\nProto-Germanic *ainaz\nProto-West Germanic *ain\nOld English ān\nOld English eall ān\nMiddle English all oon\nMiddle English allone\nEnglish alone\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"all\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₂el-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₂elnós\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*allaz\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : 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        "3": "allone"
      },
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    },
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      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English"
    },
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      "name": "af",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "al-<t:all>",
        "3": "one",
        "nocat": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "al- (“all”) + one"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "alane",
        "t": "alone"
      },
      "expansion": "Scots alane (“alone”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "stq",
        "2": "alleene",
        "t": "alone"
      },
      "expansion": "Saterland Frisian alleene (“alone”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "fy",
        "2": "allinne",
        "t": "alone"
      },
      "expansion": "West Frisian allinne (“alone”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "alleen",
        "t": "alone"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch alleen (“alone”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "nds",
        "2": "alleen",
        "t": "alone"
      },
      "expansion": "Low German alleen (“alone”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "allein",
        "t": "alone"
      },
      "expansion": "German allein (“alone”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "da",
        "2": "alene",
        "t": "alone"
      },
      "expansion": "Danish alene (“alone”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "allena",
        "t": "alone"
      },
      "expansion": "Swedish allena (“alone”)"
    },
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      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "enm:allone",
        "4": ":afeq",
        "5": "all",
        "6": "one",
        "7": ":afeq",
        "8": "al-",
        "9": "one",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂el-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *h₂elnós\nProto-Germanic *allaz\nProto-West Germanic *all\nOld English eall\nProto-Indo-European *ís?\nProto-Indo-European *h₁óynos\nProto-Germanic *ainaz\nProto-West Germanic *ain\nOld English ān\nOld English eall ān\nMiddle English all oon\nMiddle English allone\nEnglish alone"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "*h₂el-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂el-#Proto-Indo-European:_all"
    ],
    [
      "*h₂elnós",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂elnós"
    ],
    [
      "*allaz",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/allaz"
    ],
    [
      "*all",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/all"
    ],
    [
      "eall",
      "eall#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "*ís",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ís"
    ],
    [
      "*h₁óynos",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁óynos#Proto-Indo-European:_one"
    ],
    [
      "*ainaz",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ainaz#Proto-Germanic:_one"
    ],
    [
      "*ain",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/ain#Proto-West_Germanic:_one"
    ],
    [
      "ān",
      "an#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "eall",
      "eall#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "ān",
      "an#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "all",
      "all#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "oon",
      "on#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "allone",
      "allone#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "eall",
      "eall"
    ],
    [
      "ān",
      "ān"
    ],
    [
      "all",
      "all"
    ],
    [
      "oon",
      "on"
    ],
    [
      "allone",
      "allone#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "all",
      "all#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "oon",
      "oon#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "eall",
      "eall#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "ān",
      "an#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "al-",
      "al-#English"
    ],
    [
      "one",
      "one#English"
    ],
    [
      "alane",
      "alane#Scots"
    ],
    [
      "alleene",
      "alleene#Saterland_Frisian"
    ],
    [
      "allinne",
      "allinne#West_Frisian"
    ],
    [
      "alleen",
      "alleen#Dutch"
    ],
    [
      "alleen",
      "alleen#Low_German"
    ],
    [
      "allein",
      "allein#German"
    ],
    [
      "alene",
      "alene#Danish"
    ],
    [
      "allena",
      "allena#Swedish"
    ],
    [
      "all",
      "all#English"
    ],
    [
      "one",
      "one#English"
    ],
    [
      "one",
      "one#English"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "adv",
      "glosses": [
        "By oneself; apart from, or exclusive of, others; solo.",
        "Without outside help.",
        "Not permitting anything further; exclusively.",
        "Not requiring anything further; merely."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "not-comparable",
        "predicative"
      ],
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    {
      "pos": "adj",
      "glosses": [
        "By oneself, solitary.",
        "Not involved in a romantic relationship.",
        "Lacking peers who share one's beliefs, experiences, practices, etc.",
        "Apart from, or exclusive of, others."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "not-comparable",
        "predicative",
        "obsolete"
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The source etymologies

Unnumbered source etymology

Relationships mentioned by the source

Where this record stops

Source and snapshot